Android快速开发

在这里，你只需要复制、粘贴和稍微加一点修改即可。适用于有Android基础的同学，并且又不愿意做重复工作的同学

• 涉及到的点有
  
  • 从字符XML中拿数组
  • ListView适配器
  • 去除标题栏
  • 发送消息到通知栏
  • 使用Intent 传递对象
  • Spinner控件
  • 具体项目的DBHelper
  • 具体项目的DB
  • 全屏模式
  • 圆角按钮实现
  • 实现按钮被点击的效果
  • 覆写系统方法
  • 知晓当前活动
  • 活动管理器
  • 自定义控件
  • 网络监测
  • 数据持久化方案
  • SQLiteDatabase事务
  • 自定义内容提供器
  • SurfaceView 的基本框架

1.学习安卓的以前都学过web开发

2.

// 从字符XML中拿数组
String[] apps = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.apps);

3.

  // ListView适配器
     class ListViewAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
          @Override
          public int getCount() {
               return appList.size();
          }
          @Override
          public App getItem(int position) {
               return appList.get(position);
          }
          @Override
          public long getItemId(int position) {
               return position;
          }
          @Override
          public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
               ViewHolder holder = null;
               if (convertView == null) {
                    // 获取ListViewItem的布局
                    convertView = View.inflate(MainActivity.this,R.layout.activity_main_item, null);
                    holder = new ViewHolder();
                    // 获取子项中的具体布局
                    holder.image = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.iv_list);
                    holder.text = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_list);
                    convertView.setTag(holder);
               } else {
                    holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
               }
               // 设置相关信息
               holder.image.setImageResource(appList.get(position).getPicId());
               holder.text.setText(appList.get(position).getAppName());
               return convertView;
          }

          class ViewHolder {
               private ImageView image;
               private TextView text;
          }
     }

4.去除标题栏

(1)requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
(2)在values文件夹下面的styles.xml文件中添加一个样式：
<style name="notitle">
                       <item name="android:windowNoTitle">true</item>
    </style>
然后在AndroidManifest.xml文件中的<application>标签中添加一个android:theme 属性即可.例如：
<application
                  android:allowBackup="true"
                  android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
                 android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:theme="@style/notitle" >

5.发送消息到通知栏

//启动目标Activity的Intent对象
          Intent intent = new Intent(UserActivity.this, Welcome.class);
          //pengding: 即将
          PendingIntent pendIntent =PendingIntent.getActivity(UserActivity.this, 0, intent, 0);
          //实例化通知实例
          Notification notif= new Notification(R.drawable.welcome, "Hello,Lady or Gentleman!!Click me!!",System.currentTimeMillis());
          notif.defaults=Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;//声音
          //拉开之后显示的信息
          notif.setLatestEventInfo(UserActivity.this, "Hello", "Hello,Thank you for using app", pendIntent);
          //通知管理器  管理通知
          NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
          //发送通知
     manager.notify(1, notif);

6.使用Intent 传递对象

//传递
               Intent intent = new Intent();
               intent.setClass(UserActivity.this,UserInfo.class);
               Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
               bundle.putSerializable("user", user);
               intent.putExtras(bundle);
          this.startActivity(intent);

7.Spinner控件

//当点击登录时才会获取，所以不用放在选项改变的方法中，不用时刻检测，只需要在点击登录时获取就好
          String loc = spLoc.getSelectedItem().toString();

8.具体项目的DBHelper

public class CoolWeatherOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
     /**
     *     Province建表语句
     */
     public static final String CREATE_PROVINCE="create table Province (" +
               "id integer primary key autoincrement," +
               "province_name text," +
               "province_code text)";

     /**
     *     City建表语句
     */
     public static final String CREATE_CITY="create table City (" +
               "id integer primary key autoincrement," +
               "city_name text," +
               "city_code text," +
               "province_id integer)";

     /**
     *     County建表语句
     */
     public static final String CREATE_COUNTY="create table County (" +
               "id integer primary key autoincrement," +
               "county_name text," +
               "county_code text," +
               "city_id integer)";


     public CoolWeatherOpenHelper(Context context, String name,
               CursorFactory factory, int version) {
          super(context, name, factory, version);
     }

     @Override
     public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
          db.execSQL(CREATE_PROVINCE);//创建Province表
          db.execSQL(CREATE_CITY);//创建City表
          db.execSQL(CREATE_COUNTY);//创建County表
     }

     @Override
     public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
          // TODO Auto-generated method stub
     }
}

9.具体项目的DB

public class CoolWeatherDB {
     /**
     * 数据库名
     */
     public static final String DB_NAME="cool_weather";

     /**
     * 数据库版本
     */
     public static final int VERSION=1;


     private static CoolWeatherDB coolWeatherDB;//采用单例模式
     private SQLiteDatabase db;

     /**
     * 将构造方法私有化
     */
     private CoolWeatherDB(Context context){
          CoolWeatherOpenHelper dbHelper = new CoolWeatherOpenHelper(context, DB_NAME, null, VERSION);
          db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
     }

     /**
     * 获取CoolWeatherDB的实例
     */
     public synchronized static CoolWeatherDB getInstance(Context context){
          if(coolWeatherDB == null){
               coolWeatherDB = new CoolWeatherDB(context);
          }
          return coolWeatherDB;
     }

     /**
     * 将Province实例存储到数据库
     */
     public void saveProvince(Province province){
          if(province != null){
               ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
               values.put("province_name", province.getProvinceName());
               values.put("province_code", province.getProvinceCode());
               db.insert("Province", null, values);
          }
     }

     /**
     * 从数据库读取全国所有的省份信息
     */
     public List<Province> loadProvinces(){
          List<Province> list = new ArrayList<Province>();
          Cursor cursor =db.query("Province", null, null, null, null, null, null);
          if(cursor.moveToFirst()){
               do{
                    Province province = new Province();
                    province.setId(cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("id")));
                    province.setProvinceName(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("province_name")));
                    province.setProvinceCode(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("province_code")));
                    list.add(province);
               }while(cursor.moveToNext());

               if(cursor != null){
                    cursor.close();
               }
          }
          if(cursor != null){
               cursor.close();
          }
          return list;
     }
}

10.全屏模式(但是标题栏还在,标题栏可去)

getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN,WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);

11.圆角按钮实现：

首先写一个XML，专门处理按钮图形的，比如叫做shape.xml,就先放在drawable文件夹下面吧.
shape.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<shape
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle">
    <!-- 填充的颜色 -->
    <solid android:color="#FFFFFF" />
    <!-- 设置按钮的四个角为弧形 -->
    <!-- android:radius 弧形的半径 -->
    <corners android:radius="5dip" />

<!-- padding：Button里面的文字与Button边界的间隔 -->
<padding
   android:left="10dp"
   android:top="10dp"
   android:right="10dp"
   android:bottom="10dp"
/>
</shape>

接下来，在布局文件中引用就OK 了.
<Button
        .......
    android:background="@drawable/shape"  />

12.实现按钮被点击的效果

首先写btn_selector.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
             <item android:state_pressed="false"
              android:drawable="@drawable/coolweather"/>
              <item android:state_pressed="true"
              android:drawable="@drawable/fiftyfour_backgroun"/>
</selector>
在布局文件中.
<Button
        .......
    android:background="@drawable/btn_selector"  />

13.如果在覆写系统方法的时候，报这个错误：

08-25 10:36:28.234: E/AndroidRuntime(5066):java.lang.RuntimeException:Unable to resume activity {com.example.androidvideoplay/com.example.androidvideoplay.MainActivity}: android.app.SuperNotCalledException: Activity {com.example.androidvideoplay/com.example.androidvideoplay.MainActivity} did not call through to super.onResume()
原因在红色字体，已经很清楚的告诉你了，你没有调用系统的super.相应的方法

14.当SurfaceView所在的Activity离开了前台之后，SurfaceView会被摧毁，当Activity有重新回到前台时，SurfaceView会被重新创建，创建是在onResume（）方法之后

15.知晓当前是哪一个活动，让此活动成为其他活动的父类

/**
* 技巧：知晓当前是哪一个活动，让此活动成为其他活动的父类   FirstActivity extends BaseActivity 、FirstActivity extends BaseActivity ......
*/
public class BaseActivity extends Activity {

     @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
          super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
          Log.i("BaseActivity",getClass().getSimpleName());
          setContentView(R.layout.activity_base);
     }

     @Override
     public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
          // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
          getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_base, menu);
          return true;
     }

}

16.

/**
*类描述： 活动管理器
*/
public class ActivityCollector {
     public static List<Activity> activities = new ArrayList<Activity>();

     public static void addActivity(Activity activity){
          activities.add(activity);
     }

     public static void removeActivity(Activity activity){
          activities.remove(activity);
     }

     public static void finishAll(){
          for(Activity activity : activities){
               if(!activity.isFinishing()){
                    activity.finish();
               }
          }
     }
}

17.创建自定义控件

/**
*
* 类描述：自定义的标题控件
*/
public class TitleLayout extends LinearLayout {

     public TitleLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
          super(context, attrs);
          // 动态加载布局文件
          LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.title, this);
          // 设定按钮监听事件
          findViewById(R.id.title_back).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
               @Override
               public void onClick(View v) {
                    //结束当前的Activity
                    ((Activity) getContext()).finish();
               }
          });

          findViewById(R.id.title_edit).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

               @Override
               public void onClick(View v) {
                    //在自定义控件里面错误的写法：Toast.makeText(this, "编辑按钮", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    Toast.makeText(getContext(), "编辑按钮", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
               }
          });

     }

}

18.监测网络是否可用

ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
               NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
               if(networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isAvailable()){
                    Toast.makeText(context, "网络可用", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
               }else{
                    Toast.makeText(context, "网络不可用", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
          }
需要在配置文件当中加入相应的权限：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />

19.数据持久化方案
a)使用文件
i.将数据存储到文件中

String fileName = "usefile.txt";
                    String content = "我是要存储的字符串";
                    try {
                         FileOutputStream fos = openFileOutput(fileName,
                                   Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
                         fos.write(content.getBytes());
                         fos.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                         e.printStackTrace();
          }

ii.从文件中读取数据

String content = null; 
                  try { 
                           String fileName = "usefile.txt";
                      FileInputStream fis = openFileInput(fileName); 
                      ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); 
                      byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; 
                      int len = 0; 
                      while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) { 
                          baos.write(buffer, 0, len); 
                      } 
                      content = baos.toString(); 
                      Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, content, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                      fis.close(); 
                      baos.close(); 
                  } catch (Exception e) { 
                      e.printStackTrace(); 
    }

b) SharedPreferences存储
i.获取 SharedPreferences 对象的三种方式
1).Context的getSharedPreferences();
2).Activity的getPreferences();
3).PreferenceManager 的 getDefaultSharedPreferences();
Demo:
存数据：

SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences("data",MODE_PRIVATE);
                    Editor edit = sharedPreferences.edit();
                    edit.putString("name", "杨润康");
                    edit.putInt("age", 20);

     edit.commit();

读取数据:

SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences("data",MODE_PRIVATE);
                    String name = sharedPreferences.getString("name", "null");
                    int age = sharedPreferences.getInt("age", 0);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, name+age, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

20.SQLiteDatabase使用事务[简单点，就是加三行事务的代码，其余的都一样]

  SQLiteDatabase db = databaseHelper.getReadableDatabase();
                    db.beginTransaction();//开启事务
                    try {
                         db.delete("Book", null, null);//第一个操作
                         /*if(true){//模拟故障，手动抛出异常
                              throw new NullPointerException();
                         }*/
                         ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
                         values.put("author", "blatran");
                         values.put("price", "300");
                         values.put("pages", "199");
                         values.put("name", "yangrunkangtran");
                         db.insert("Book", null, values);//第二个操作

                         db.setTransactionSuccessful();//事务已经执行成功
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                         e.printStackTrace();
                    }finally{
                         db.endTransaction();//结束事务
                    }

21.完整的自定义内容提供器

/**
* 类描述：自定义的内容提供者
*/
public class MyProvider extends ContentProvider {

     public static final int TABLE1_DIR = 0;
     public static final int TABLE1_ITEM = 1;
     public static final int TABLE2_DIR = 2;
     public static final int TABLE2_ITEM = 3;

     public static UriMatcher uriMatcher;

     static {
          uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
          uriMatcher.addURI("com.android_3200_contentresolver.provider",
                    "table1", TABLE1_DIR);
          uriMatcher.addURI("com.android_3200_contentresolver.provider",
                    "table1/#", TABLE1_ITEM);
          uriMatcher.addURI("com.android_3200_contentresolver.provider",
                    "table2", TABLE2_DIR);
          uriMatcher.addURI("com.android_3200_contentresolver.provider",
                    "table2/#", TABLE2_ITEM);
     }

     @Override
     public boolean onCreate() {
          return false;
     }

     @Override
     public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
               String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
          switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
          case TABLE1_DIR:
               //查询table1表中的所有数据
               break;
          case TABLE1_ITEM:
               //查询table1表中的单条数据
               break;
          case TABLE2_DIR:
               //查询table2表中的所有数据
               break;
          case TABLE2_ITEM:
               //查询table2表中的单条数据
               break;

          default:
               break;
          }
          return null;
     }

     @Override
     public String getType(Uri uri) {
          switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
          case TABLE1_DIR:
               //查询table1表中的所有数据
               return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.android_3200_contentresolver.provider.table1";
          case TABLE1_ITEM:
               //查询table1表中的单条数据
               return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.android_3200_contentresolver.provider.table1";
          case TABLE2_DIR:
               //查询table2表中的所有数据
               return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.android_3200_contentresolver.provider.table2";
          case TABLE2_ITEM:
               //查询table2表中的单条数据
               return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.android_3200_contentresolver.provider.table2";
          default:
               break;
          }
          return null;
     }

     @Override
     public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
          return null;
     }

     @Override
     public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
          return 0;
     }

     @Override
     public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
               String[] selectionArgs) {
          return 0;
     }

}

内容提供器的具体案例

public class DatabaseProvider extends ContentProvider {

     public static final int BOOK_DIR = 0;
     public static final int BOOK_ITEM = 1;
     public static final int CATEGORY_DIR = 2;
     public static final int CATEGORY_ITEM = 3;

     private static final String AUTHORITY = "com.android_3100_androidpersistence.provider";

     public static UriMatcher uriMatcher;

     private MyDatabaseHelper dbHelper;

     static {
          uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
          uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "bool", BOOK_DIR);
          uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "book/#", BOOK_ITEM);
          uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "category", CATEGORY_DIR);
          uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "category/#", CATEGORY_ITEM);
     }

     @Override
     public boolean onCreate() {
          dbHelper = new MyDatabaseHelper(getContext(), "BookStore.db", null, 2);
          return true;
     }

     @Override
     public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
               String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
          // 查询数据
          SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
          Cursor query = null;
          switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
          case BOOK_DIR:
               query = db.query("Book", null, null, null, null, null, null);
               break;
          case BOOK_ITEM:
               String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
               query = db.query("Book", null, "id=?", new String[] { bookId },null, null, sortOrder);
               break;
          case CATEGORY_DIR:
               query = db.query("Category", null, null, null, null, null, null);
               break;
          case CATEGORY_ITEM:
               String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
               query = db.query("Category", null, "id=?",new String[] { categoryId }, null, null, sortOrder);
               break;
          default:
               break;
          }
          return query;
     }

     @Override
     public String getType(Uri uri) {
          switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
          case BOOK_DIR:
               return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd."+AUTHORITY+".book";
          case BOOK_ITEM:
               return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd."+AUTHORITY+".book";
          case CATEGORY_DIR:
               return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd."+AUTHORITY+".category";
          case CATEGORY_ITEM:
               return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd."+AUTHORITY+".category";
          }
          return null;
     }

     @Override
     public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
          // 添加数据
          SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
          Uri uriReturn = null;
          switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
          case BOOK_DIR:
          case BOOK_ITEM:
               long newBookId = db.insert("Book", null, values);
               uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/book/"+ newBookId);
               break;
          case CATEGORY_DIR:
          case CATEGORY_ITEM:
               long newCategoryId = db.insert("Category", null, values);
               uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/category/"+ newCategoryId);
               break;

          default:
               break;
          }
          return uriReturn;
     }

     @Override
     public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
          // 删除数据
          SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
          int deleteRows = 0;
          switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
          case BOOK_DIR:
               deleteRows = db.delete("Book", selection, selectionArgs);
               break;
          case BOOK_ITEM:
               String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
               deleteRows = db.delete("Book",  "id=?",new String[] { bookId });
               break;
          case CATEGORY_DIR:
               deleteRows = db.delete("Category", selection, selectionArgs);
               break;
          case CATEGORY_ITEM:
               String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
               deleteRows = db.delete("Category",  "id=?",new String[] { categoryId });
               break;
          default:
               break;
          }
          return deleteRows;
     }

     @Override
     public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
               String[] selectionArgs) {
          // 更新数据
          SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
          int updateRows = 0;
          switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
          case BOOK_DIR:
               updateRows = db.update("Book", values, selection, selectionArgs);
               break;
          case BOOK_ITEM:
               String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
               updateRows = db.update("Book", values, "id=?",new String[] { bookId });
               break;

          case CATEGORY_DIR:
               updateRows = db.update("Category", values, selection, selectionArgs);
               break;
          case CATEGORY_ITEM:
               String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
               updateRows = db.update("Category", values, "id=?",new String[] { categoryId });
               break;
          default:
               break;
          }
          return updateRows;
     }

}

最后不要忘了在AndroidManifest.xml中进行注册：

<!-- 注册自定义的内容提供器 -->  <provider
            android:name="com.android_3100_androidpersistence.DatabaseProvider"
            android:authorities="com.android_3100_androidpersistence.provider"
            android:exported="true"
    ></provider>

注意：使用内容提供器时，如果报null异常，一般就是uri 和你定义的地址没有匹配上

22.SurfaceView 的基本框架 SurfaceView可以做许多交互性的东西，比如说最常见的互动游戏

package com.luckPan;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder.Callback;
import android.view.SurfaceView;

public class SurfaceViewTemplate extends SurfaceView implements Callback, Runnable {

    private SurfaceHolder mHolder;
    private Canvas mCanvas;

    /**
     * 用于线程绘制
     */
    private Thread t;

    /**
     * 线程的控制开关
     */
    private boolean isRunning;

    public SurfaceViewTemplate(Context context) {
        this(context,null);
    }

    public SurfaceViewTemplate(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        mHolder = getHolder();
        mHolder.addCallback(this);

        //设置可获得焦点
        setFocusable(true);
        setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
        //设置常量
        setKeepScreenOn(true);
    }

    public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        isRunning = true;

        t = new Thread(this);
        t.start();
    }

    public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width,
            int height) {
    }

    public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        isRunning = false;
    }

    public void run() {
        while(isRunning){
            draw();
        }
    }

    private void draw() {
        try {
            mCanvas = mHolder.lockCanvas();
            if (mCanvas != null) {
                //draw something

            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }finally{
            if (mCanvas != null) {
                mHolder.unlockCanvasAndPost(mCanvas);
            }
        }
    }
}