策略模式在JDK中的应用(4-1)

策略模式在JDK中的应用：

在多线程编程中，我们经常使用线程池来管理线程，以减缓线程频繁的创建和销毁带来的资源的浪费，在创建线程池的时候，经常使用一个工厂类来创建线程池Executors,实际上Executors的内部使用的是类ThreadPoolExecutor.它有一个最终的构造函数如下：

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
        if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
            keepAliveTime < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
        this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
        this.workQueue = workQueue;
        this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
        this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
        this.handler = handler;
    }

corePoolSize：线程池中的核心线程数量，即使这些线程没有任务干，也不会将其销毁。

maximumPoolSize：线程池中的最多能够创建的线程数量。

keepAliveTime：当线程池中的线程数量大于corePoolSize时，多余的线程等待新任务的最长时间。

unit：keepAliveTime的时间单位。

workQueue：在线程池中的线程还没有还得及执行任务之前，保存任务的队列（当线程池中的线程都有任务在执行的时候，仍然有任务不断的提交过来，这些任务保存在workQueue队列中）。

threadFactory：创建线程池中线程的工厂。

handler：当线程池中没有多余的线程来执行任务，并且保存任务的多列也满了（指的是有界队列），对仍在提交给线程池的任务的处理策略。

RejectedExecutionHandler 是一个策略接口，用在当线程池中没有多余的线程来执行任务，并且保存任务的多列也满了（指的是有界队列），对仍在提交给线程池的任务的处理策略。

public interface RejectedExecutionHandler {
 
    /**
     *当ThreadPoolExecutor的execut方法调用时，并且ThreadPoolExecutor不能接受一个任务Task时，该方法就有可能被调用。
　　　* 不能接受一个任务Task的原因：有可能是没有多余的线程来处理，有可能是workqueue队列中没有多余的位置来存放该任务，该方法有可能抛出一个未受检的异常RejectedExecutionException
     * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
     * @param executor the executor attempting to execute this task
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if there is no remedy
     */
    void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor);
}

该策略接口有四个实现类：

AbortPolicy:该策略是直接将提交的任务抛弃掉，并抛出RejectedExecutionException异常。

/**
     * A handler for rejected tasks that throws a
     * <tt>RejectedExecutionException</tt>.
     */
    public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates an <tt>AbortPolicy</tt>.
         */
        public AbortPolicy() { }
 
        /**
         * Always throws RejectedExecutionException.
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         * @throws RejectedExecutionException always.
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            throw new RejectedExecutionException();
        }
    }

DiscardPolicy:该策略也是将任务抛弃掉（对于提交的任务不管不问，什么也不做），不过并不抛出异常。

/**
     * A handler for rejected tasks that silently discards the
     * rejected task.
     */
    public static class DiscardPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a <tt>DiscardPolicy</tt>.
         */
        public DiscardPolicy() { }
 
        /**
         * Does nothing, which has the effect of discarding task r.
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        }
    }

DiscardOldestPolicy:该策略是当执行器未关闭时，从任务队列workQueue中取出第一个任务，并抛弃这第一个任务，进而有空间存储刚刚提交的任务。使用该策略要特别小心，因为它会直接抛弃之前的任务。

/**
     * A handler for rejected tasks that discards the oldest unhandled
     * request and then retries <tt>execute</tt>, unless the executor
     * is shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
     */
    public static class DiscardOldestPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a <tt>DiscardOldestPolicy</tt> for the given executor.
         */
        public DiscardOldestPolicy() { }
 
        /**
         * Obtains and ignores the next task that the executor
         * would otherwise execute, if one is immediately available,
         * and then retries execution of task r, unless the executor
         * is shut down, in which case task r is instead discarded.
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            if (!e.isShutdown()) {
                e.getQueue().poll();
                e.execute(r);
            }
        }
    }

CallerRunsPolicy:该策略并没有抛弃任何的任务，由于线程池中已经没有了多余的线程来分配该任务，该策略是在当前线程（调用者线程）中直接执行该任务。

/**
     * A handler for rejected tasks that runs the rejected task
     * directly in the calling thread of the {@code execute} method,
     * unless the executor has been shut down, in which case the task
     * is discarded.
     */
    public static class CallerRunsPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code CallerRunsPolicy}.
         */
        public CallerRunsPolicy() { }
 
        /**
         * Executes task r in the caller's thread, unless the executor
         * has been shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            if (!e.isShutdown()) {
                r.run();
            }
        }
    }

类ThreadPoolExecutor中持有一个RejectedExecutionHandler接口的引用，以便在构造函数中可以由外部客户端自己制定具体的策略并注入。下面看一下其类图：