linux安装12C

Linux上安装Oracle数据库 

第一步：系统磁盘分区：

 

1：检查磁盘信息

 

[root@iZuf6gxpvk73jkbx2r5h1bZ ~]# fdisk -l

 

2：进入分区的磁盘

 

  [root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb

    Command (m for help): n #新建分区

    Command actioncd

       e   extended

       p   primary partition (1-4)

p #添加主分区

Partition number (1-4): 1 #分区开始

First cylinder (1-65270, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-65270, default 65270): #分区结束默认值是回车

Using default value 65270

 

Command (m for help): t #更改磁盘类型

Selected partition 1

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

 

Command (m for help): w # w保存分区退出

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

3：创建逻辑卷

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1  #创建物理卷

  Physical volume "/dev/xvdb1" successfully created

 

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# vgcreate -s 128M vgdata /dev/vdb1 #创建逻辑卷组

  Volume group "vgdata" successfully created

 

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# lvcreate -L 499G -n lvdata vgdata #创建逻辑卷

  Logical volume "lvdata" created

 

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vgdata/lvdata #格式化磁盘

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

32702464 inodes, 130809856 blocks

6540492 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

3992 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,

        102400000

 

Writing inode tables: done                            

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

 

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

 

4：挂载逻辑卷

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# mkdir /app #建议在根目录下的文件夹app

 

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# mount /dev/vgdata/lvdata /app #手动用mount 挂载逻辑

 

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# df –h

5：设置开机启动/固话挂载

[root@iZuf6gxpvk73jkbx2r5h1bZ ~]# vi /etc/fstab       #修改命令

/dev/vgdata/lvdata      /app        ext4    defaults        0 0      在底部添加

 

6：系统swqp分区挂载

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/app/swap bs=1024 count=16000000 #添加交换分区16GB

16000000+0 records in

16000000+0 records out

16384000000 bytes (16 GB) copied, 341.336 s, 48.0 MB/s

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# mkswap /app/swap        

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# swapon /app/swap   #创建交换分区文件     

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# swapon -a#激活交换分区

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# free -m  #查看分区中的swap

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached

Mem:         64427       1588      62838        255         20        843

-/+ buffers/cache:        724      63703

Swap:        15624          0      15624

[root@iZuf6gxpvk73jkbx2r5h1bZ ~]# vi /etc/fstab       #修改命令

/app/swap       swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

 

第二步：创建oracle用户

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# groupadd oinstall

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# groupadd dba

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z home]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z home]# passwd oracle

第三步：修改系统的内核参数

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z home]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmall = 2097152                           修改

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096 添加

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 6815744

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 1048576

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

fs.aio-max-nr= 1048576

 

[root@bogon ~]# sysctl -p #重启生效内核参数

 

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z home]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft   nofile 65536 添加

oracle hard   nofile 65536

oracle soft   nproc   2047

oracle hard   nproc   16384

 

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z home]# vi /etc/pam.d/login

session    required     pam_limits.so 添加

第四步：建立安装目录和配置环境变量

[root@bogon ~]# mkdir /app/oracle

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z home]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /app

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z home]# chmod -R 755 /app

 

修改oracle用户的环境变量

 

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z home]#su - oracle

[oracle@iZ28ubyqhl0Z home] $ vi .bash_profile

umask 022 添加在最后一句之前

PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/sbin

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib:/usr/X11R6/lib

ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

ORACLE_SID=oracle11

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

 

[oracle@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~] $ source .bash_profile  执行环境变量

 

第五步：安装VNC图形界面

1. 下载vncserver

[oracle@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~] $ su - root

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Desktop"   

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# yum -y groupinstall "X Window System"

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# yum install tigervnc tigervnc-server

Is this ok [y/N]: y

1. 配置vncserver

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig

[root@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]# vi vncservers

VNCSERVERS="1:oracle"

VNCSERVERARGS[1]="-geometry 1024x768"

 

第六步：在oracle用户下启动VNC服务

[oracle@iZ28ubyqhl0Z ~]$ vncserver

远程登录服务器

用远程工具中登录，输入IP地址加后面的号码 ，例如：

110.50.34.33:1

输入密码进入