Nginx性能配置优化

    # This number should be, at maximum, the number of CPU cores on your system.
    # (since nginx doesn't benefit from more than one worker per CPU.)
    # 这里的数值不能超过 CPU 的总核数，因为在单个核上部署超过 1 个 Nginx 服务进程并不起到提高性能的作用。
    worker_processes 24;


    # Number of file descriptors used for Nginx. This is set in the OS with 'ulimit -n 200000'
    # or using /etc/security/limits.conf
    # Nginx 最大可用文件描述符数量，同时需要配置操作系统的 "ulimit -n 200000"，或者在 /etc/security/limits.conf 中配置。 
    worker_rlimit_nofile 200000;


    # only log critical errors
    # 只记录 critical 级别的错误日志
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log crit


    # Determines how many clients will be served by each worker process.
    # (Max clients = worker_connections * worker_processes)
    # "Max clients" is also limited by the number of socket connections available on the system (~64k)
    # 配置单个 Nginx 单个进程可服务的客户端数量，（最大值客户端数 = 单进程连接数 * 进程数 ）
    # 最大客户端数同时也受操作系统 socket 连接数的影响（最大 64K ）
    worker_connections 4000;


    # essential for linux, optmized to serve many clients with each thread
    # Linux 关键配置，允许单个线程处理多个客户端请求。
    use epoll;


    # Accept as many connections as possible, after nginx gets notification about a new connection.
    # May flood worker_connections, if that option is set too low.
    # 允许尽可能地处理更多的连接数，如果 worker_connections 配置太低，会产生大量的无效连接请求。
    multi_accept on;


    # Caches information about open FDs, freqently accessed files.
    # Changing this setting, in my environment, brought performance up from 560k req/sec, to 904k req/sec.
    # I recommend using some varient of these options, though not the specific values listed below.
    # 缓存高频操作文件的FDs（文件描述符/文件句柄）
    # 在我的设备环境中，通过修改以下配置，性能从 560k 请求/秒 提升到 904k 请求/秒。
    # 我建议你对以下配置尝试不同的组合，而不是直接使用这几个数据。
    open_file_cache max=200000 inactive=20s;
    open_file_cache_valid 30s;
    open_file_cache_min_uses 2;
    open_file_cache_errors on;


    # Buffer log writes to speed up IO, or disable them altogether
    # 将日志写入高速 IO 存储设备，或者直接关闭日志。
    # access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main buffer=16k;
    access_log off;


    # Sendfile copies data between one FD and other from within the kernel.
    # More efficient than read() + write(), since the requires transferring data to and from the user space.
    # 开启 sendfile 选项，使用内核的 FD 文件传输功能，这个比在用户态用 read() + write() 的方式更加高效。
    sendfile on;


    # Tcp_nopush causes nginx to attempt to send its HTTP response head in one packet,
    # instead of using partial frames. This is useful for prepending headers before calling sendfile,
    # or for throughput optimization.
    # 打开 tcp_nopush 选项，Nginux 允许将 HTTP 应答首部与数据内容在同一个报文中发出。
    # 这个选项使服务器在 sendfile 时可以提前准备 HTTP 首部，能够达到优化吞吐的效果。
    tcp_nopush on;


    # don't buffer data-sends (disable Nagle algorithm). Good for sending frequent small bursts of data in real time.
    # 不要缓存 data-sends （关闭 Nagle 算法），这个能够提高高频发送小数据报文的实时性。
    tcp_nodelay on;


    # Timeout for keep-alive connections. Server will close connections after this time.
    # 配置连接 keep-alive 超时时间，服务器将在超时之后关闭相应的连接。
    keepalive_timeout 30;


    # Number of requests a client can make over the keep-alive connection. This is set high for testing.
    # 单个客户端在 keep-alive 连接上可以发送的请求数量，在测试环境中，需要配置个比较大的值。
    keepalive_requests 100000;


    # allow the server to close the connection after a client stops responding. Frees up socket-associated memory.
    # 允许服务器在客户端停止发送应答之后关闭连接，以便释放连接相应的 socket 内存开销。
    reset_timedout_connection on;


    # send the client a "request timed out" if the body is not loaded by this time. Default 60.
    # 配置客户端数据请求超时时间，默认是 60 秒。
    client_body_timeout 10;


    # If the client stops reading data, free up the stale client connection after this much time. Default 60.
    # 客户端数据读超时配置，客户端停止读取数据，超时时间后断开相应连接，默认是 60 秒。
    send_timeout 2;


    # Compression. Reduces the amount of data that needs to be transferred over the network
    # 压缩参数配置，减少在网络上所传输的数据量。
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 10240;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private auth;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml;
    gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6].";