一、Schema约束
### --- 什么是Schema
——> 1. Schema是新的XML文档约束, 比DTD强大很多,是DTD 替代者;
——> 2. Schema本身也是XML文档,但Schema文档的扩展名为xsd,而不是xml。
——> 3. Schema 功能更强大,内置多种简单和复杂的数据类型
——> 4. Schema 支持命名空间 (一个XML中可以引入多个约束文档)
二、Schema约束示例:student.xsd
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns="http://www.yanqi.com/xml"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="http://www.yanqi.com/xml"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xsd:element name="students" type="studentsType"/>
<xsd:complexType name="studentsType">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="student" type="studentType" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
<xsd:complexType name="studentType">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd:element name="age" type="ageType" />
<xsd:element name="sex" type="sexType" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="number" type="numberType" use="required"/>
</xsd:complexType>
<xsd:simpleType name="sexType">
<xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
<xsd:enumeration value="male"/>
<xsd:enumeration value="female"/>
</xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="ageType">
<xsd:restriction base="xsd:integer">
<xsd:minInclusive value="0"/>
<xsd:maxInclusive value="200"/>
</xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="numberType">
<xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
<xsd:pattern value="hehe_\d{4}"/>
</xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:schema>
三、Xml Schema的根元素:
四、xml语句
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<xsd:schema xmlns="http://www.yanqi.com/xml"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="http://www.yanqi.com/xml" elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xsd:element name="students" type="studentsType"/>
<xsd:complexType name="studentsType">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="student" type="studentType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
<xsd:complexType name="studentType">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd:element name="age" type="ageType" />
<xsd:element name="sex" type="sexType" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="number" type="numberType" use="required"/>
</xsd:complexType>
<xsd:simpleType name="sexType">
<xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
<xsd:enumeration value="male"/>
<xsd:enumeration value="female"/>
</xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="ageType">
<xsd:restriction base="xsd:integer">
<xsd:minInclusive value="0"/>
<xsd:maxInclusive value="200"/>
</xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="numberType">
<xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
<xsd:pattern value="hehe_\d{4}"/>
</xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:schema>