剑指offer面试题：替换空格

 题目：请实现一个函数，把字符串中的每个空格替换成“%20”。例如输入“We are happy.”，则输出“We%20are%20happy.”。

解析：时间复杂度为O(n)的解法。

完整代码及测试用例实现：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <cstring>

//length 为字符数组string的总容量
void ReplaceBlank(char string[], int length)
{
	if (string == NULL&&length <= 0)
	{
		return;
	}
	//reallyLength 为字符串string的实际长度
	int reallyLength = 0, numberOfBlank = 0,i=0;
	
	while (string[i]!='\0')
	{
		++reallyLength;

		if (string[i] == ' ')
		{
			++numberOfBlank;
		}
		++i;
	}

	//newLength 为把空格替换成'%20'之后的长度
	int newLength = reallyLength + numberOfBlank * 2;
	if (newLength > length)
	{
		return;
	}

	int indexOfReally = reallyLength;
	int indexOfNew = newLength;
	while (indexOfReally >= 0 && indexOfNew >indexOfReally)
	{
		if (string[indexOfReally] == ' ')
		{
			string[indexOfNew--] = '0';
			string[indexOfNew--] = '2';
			string[indexOfNew--] = '%';
		}
		else
		{
			string[indexOfNew--] = string[indexOfReally];
		}

		--indexOfReally;
	}
}


// ====================测试代码====================
void Test(char* testName, char string[], int length, char expected[])
{
	if (testName != NULL)
	{
		cout << testName << " begins: ";
	}

	ReplaceBlank(string, length);

	if (expected == NULL && string == NULL)
	{
		cout << "passed." << endl;
	}
	else if (expected == NULL && string != NULL)
	{
		cout << "failed." << endl;
	}
	else if (strcmp(string, expected) == 0)
	{
		cout << "passed." << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "failed." << endl;
	}
}


void Test1()
{
	// 空格在句子中间
	const int length = 100;

	char string[length] = "we are happy.";
	Test("Test1", string, length, "we%20are%20happy.");
}


void Test2()
{
	// 空格在句子开头
	const int length = 100;

	char string[length] = " wearehappy.";
	Test("Test2", string, length, "%20wearehappy.");
}

void Test3()
{
	// 空格在句子末尾
	const int length = 100;

	char string[length] = "wearehappy. ";
	Test("Test3", string, length, "wearehappy.%20");
}

void Test4()
{
	// 连续有两个空格
	const int length = 100;

	char string[length] = "we  are happy.";
	Test("Test4", string, length, "we%20%20are%20happy.");
}

void Test5()
{
	// 传入NULL
	Test("Test5", NULL, 0, NULL);
}

void Test6()
{
	// 传入内容为空的字符串
	const int length = 100;

	char string[length] = "";
	Test("Test6", string, length, "");
}

void Test7()
{
	//传入内容为一个空格的字符串
	const int length = 100;

	char string[length] = " ";
	Test("Test7", string, length, "%20");
}

void Test8()
{
	// 传入的字符串没有空格
	const int length = 100;

	char string[length] = "wearehappy.";
	Test("Test8", string, length, "wearehappy.");
}

void Test9()
{
	// 传入的字符串全是空格
	const int length = 100;

	char string[length] = "   ";
	Test("Test9", string, length, "%20%20%20");
}

int main()
{
	Test1();
	Test2();
	Test3();
	Test4();
	Test5();
	Test6();
	Test7();
	Test8();
	Test9();

	system("pause"); 
	return 0;
}

运行结果：

Test1 begins: passed.

Test2 begins: passed.

Test3 begins: passed.

Test4 begins: passed.

Test5 begins: passed.

Test6 begins: passed.

Test7 begins: passed.

Test8 begins: passed.

Test9 begins: passed.

请按任意键继续. . .