2018-01-13 类的内置方法

所谓内部类，就是在类的内部定义的类，主要目的是为了更好的抽象现实世界

内部类的实例化方法

方法1：直接使用外部类调用内部类

object_name=putclass_name.inclass_name()

class People(object):
    color='yellow'
    __age=30
    class Chinese(object):
        #print "i an chiese"
        name="i am chinese"
jack=People.Chinese()
print jack.name

方法2：先对外部类进行实例化，然后在实例化内部类

out_name=outclass_name()

in_name=out_name.inclass_name()

in_name.method()

class People(object):
    color='yellow'
    __age=30
    class Chinese(object):
        #print "i an chiese"
        name="i am chinese"
ren=People()
jack=ren.Chinese()
print jack.name

3.通过类名来访问属性

class People(object):
    color='yellow'
    __age=30
    class Chinese(object):
        #print "i an chiese"
        name="i am chinese"
print People.Chinese.name通过类访问属性name

class People(object):
    color='yellow'
    __age=30
    class Chinese(object):
        #print "i an chiese"
        name="i am chinese"
print People.Chinese().name通过对象来访问属性name

魔术方法

1.__str__(self) 

class People(object):
    color='yellow'
    __age=30
    class Chinese(object):
        #print "i an chiese"
        name="i am chinese"
    def __str__(self):
        return "this is people class"
ren=People()
print ren

构造函数与析构函数

构造函数：用于初始化类的内部状态，python 提供的构造函数是__init__():

__init__()方法是可选的，如果不提供，Python会给出一个默认的__init__方法

把类进行实例化的时候自动执行__init__()函数

class People(object):
    color='yellow'
    __age=30
    class Chinese(object):
        #print "i an chiese"
        name="i am chinese"
    def __str__(self):
        return "this is people class"
    def __init__(self):
        self.color='black'

ren=People()
print ren.color
print People.color

class People(object):
    color='yellow'
    __age=30
    class Chinese(object):
        #print "i an chiese"
        name="i am chinese"
    def __str__(self):
        return "this is people class"
    def __init__(self,c='whilte'):
        self.color=c

ren=People()
print ren.color
print People.color

class People(object):
    color='yellow'
    __age=30
    class Chinese(object):
        #print "i an chiese"
        name="i am chinese"
    def __str__(self):
        return "this is people class"
    def __init__(self,c='whilte'):
        self.color=c

jack=People('green')
print jack.color
print People.color

根据对象访问的值是会变的，而根据类访问的属性是不会变的。

析构函数：用于释放对象占用的资源，Python提供的析构函数是__del__()；

__del__()也是可选的，如果不提供，则python 会在后台提供默认析构函数

import gc
class People(object):
    color='yellow'
    __age=30
    class Chinese(object):
        #print "i an chiese"
        name="i am chinese"
    def __str__(self):
        return "this is people class"
    def __init__(self,c='whilte'):
        print "init**********"
        self.color=c
        self.think()

    def think(self):
        self.color='black'
        print "i am a %s" % self.color
        print "i am a thinker"
        print self.__age
    def __del__(self):
        print "delete********"
        # self.fd.close()



print gc.collect()
jack=People('green')
print jack.color
print People.color
print "main end"