Swift 4.0 学习，数据类型教程，字典(Dictionary)学习，字典(Dictionary)基本操作

定义字典常量(常量只有读操作)

let dictionary1 = ["key1": 888, "key2": 999] 
let dictionary2: [String: Int] = ["key1": 888, "key2": 999]

定义字典变量

var dictionary: [String:Int] = [:]
var dictionary1 = ["key1": 55, "key2": 555]
var dictionary2 = Dictionary<String, Int>()

赋值

dictionary = ["key1": 88, "key2":888, "key3": 8888]

取值

let value = dictionary["key1"]           // 取某个值
let values = dictionary.values.sorted()  // 获取所有value，从小到大排序
let keys = dictionary.keys.sorted()      // 获取所有key，从小到大排序

修改value/添加元素

dictionary.updateValue(8, forKey: "key4") // 如果key不存在，则添加新元素
dictionary.updateValue(99, forKey: "key1")// 如果key存在，则修改value

删除元素

dictionary.removeAll()                 // 删除所有元素
dictionary.removeValue(forKey: "key1") // 通过查找key来删除元素

let index = dictionary.index(dictionary.startIndex, offsetBy: 1)
dictionary.remove(at: index) // 通过下标删除元素，offsetBy是第几个元素

字典遍历

   for item in dictionary {
        
        print("\(item.key) --> \(item.value)")
    }
    
    for (key, value) in dictionary {
        
        print("\(key) --> \(value)")
    }
    
    for sequence in dictionary.enumerated() {
        
        print("\(sequence.offset) --> \(sequence.element.key), \(sequence.element.value)")
    }
    
    for (offset, item) in dictionary.enumerated() {
        
        print("\(offset) --> \(item.key), \(item.value)")
    }

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