C++ prime 13.14题

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class Example{
      public:
      Example():i(1){ std::cout<<"exmapl"<<std::endl;}
      Example(const Example& test) { i=test.i;std::cout<<"copy exampl"<<std::endl;}
      Example& operator=(const Example& test)
      {
               std::cout<<"= example"<<std::endl;
               }
      ~Example()
      {
                std::cout<<"~ example"<<std::endl;
                }
                int i;
};
     
void foo(Example ex)
{
 }
 void foo2(Example& ex)
 {
  }
int main(){
   std::cout<<"first"<<std::endl;
   Example ex2;
   foo(ex2);
   std::cout<<"second"<<std::endl;
   foo2(ex2);
   std::cout<<"third"<<std::endl;
   Example* ex3=new Example;
   delete ex3;
   std::cout<<"fourth"<<std::endl;
   
   std::vector<Example> vec(10);

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

一个变形，可以看到在一个scope退出时在栈上的对象发生了析构

#include <iostream>

#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class Example{
      public:
      Example():i(1){ std::cout<<"exmapl"<<std::endl;}
      Example(const Example& test) { i=test.i;std::cout<<"copy exampl"<<std::endl;}
      Example& operator=(const Example& test)
      {
               std::cout<<"= example"<<std::endl;
               }
      ~Example()
      {
                std::cout<<"~ example"<<std::endl;
                }
                int i;
};
     
void foo(Example ex)
{
 }
 void foo2(Example& ex)
 {
  }
int main(){
   std::cout<<"first"<<std::endl;
   Example ex2;
   foo(ex2);
   std::cout<<"second"<<std::endl;
   foo2(ex2);
   std::cout<<"third"<<std::endl;
   Example* ex3=new Example;
   delete ex3;
   std::cout<<"fourth"<<std::endl;
   {
   std::vector<Example> vec(10);
}
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}