QT制作Modbus组包小工具

目录

一、前言

二、操作说明

三、源码简析

四、Demo/小工具

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一、前言

我们常用Modbus协议来读取仪器的某一或多个寄存器的值，但在现实中，可能读取的寄存器过多（例如几百个）；当出现问题的时候，不容易分析每个寄存器的值，此Modbus组包小工具，可以很好显示对应的寄存器。

 

二、操作说明

1. 寄存器->组帧

输入开始寄存器、结束寄存器（数字），点击【显示寄存器】，则会显示寄存器的值（默认全0）；一个寄存器16位，H和L都是十六进制数。

如果你想修改某一寄存器的值，则点击相应表格，例如我这把50号寄存器的H改为5B；点击Pack，就把50-100寄存器的值，以16进制组帧显示

2. 组帧->寄存器

例如我收到了一串16进制数据：5A 00 00 33 44 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

我现在知道，寄存器从0开始（可以修改开始寄存器），那我想知道这串数据对应寄存器的所有值，则操作如下：

在输入框输入获取到的数据，点击UnPack，就可以看到每个寄存器对应的高低位

3. 组包

Modbus最后的组包，例如我加入包头01 03 64，再添加寄存器的数据，点击组包，则会在末尾自动添加CRC16

4. IEEE754浮点数和16进制间转换

①浮点转16进制

②十六进制转浮点

三、源码简析

①表格类CModel

CModel.h

#ifndef CMODEL_H
#define CMODEL_H

#include <QAbstractTableModel>
#include <QStringList>
#include <QVector>


class CModel : public QAbstractTableModel
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit CModel();
    ~CModel();

    //行数
    virtual int rowCount(const QModelIndex &parent = QModelIndex()) const;
    //列数
    virtual int columnCount(const QModelIndex &parent = QModelIndex()) const;
    //显示的数据
    virtual QVariant data(const QModelIndex &index, int role = Qt::DisplayRole) const;
    //从表格界面修改数据
    virtual bool setData(const QModelIndex &index, const QVariant &value, int role = Qt::EditRole);
    //显示行首
    virtual QVariant headerData(int section, Qt::Orientation orientation, int role = Qt::DisplayRole) const;
    //设置表格可选性等
    virtual Qt::ItemFlags flags(const QModelIndex &index) const;

    //设置开始寄存器、结束寄存器后，显示表格，默认寄存器的高低16位都为0
    void setParam(int sIndex, int eIndex);
    QString pack();
    bool unpack(const QString& str, int sIndex, int &eIndex);

private:
    //行首值
    QStringList                 m_horHeard;
    //表格数据
    QVector<QStringList>        m_vecData;
};

#endif // CMODEL_H

CModel.cpp

#include "CModel.h"
#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QTextCodec>


CModel::CModel()
{
    //设置行首值
    m_horHeard << tr("Register")
               << tr("H")
               << tr("L");
}


CModel::~CModel()
{
}


int CModel::rowCount(const QModelIndex &parent) const
{
    return m_vecData.count();
}

int CModel::columnCount(const QModelIndex &parent) const
{
    return m_horHeard.count();
}

QVariant CModel::data(const QModelIndex &index, int role) const
{
    if (!index.isValid())
    {
        return QVariant();
    }

    if (role == Qt::DisplayRole || role == Qt::EditRole)
    {
        //行
        int iRow = index.row();
        //列
        int iColumn = index.column();
        switch (iColumn)
        {
        case 0:
            return m_vecData.at(iRow).at(iColumn);
            break;
        case 1:
            return m_vecData.at(iRow).at(iColumn);
            break;
        case 2:
            return m_vecData.at(iRow).at(iColumn);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
    }
    else if (role == Qt::TextAlignmentRole)
    {
        return Qt::AlignCenter;
    }

    return QVariant();
}

//这里界面修改, 数据变动的地方
bool CModel::setData(const QModelIndex &index, const QVariant &value, int role)
{
    if (!index.isValid())
        return false;

    if (role == Qt::DisplayRole ||role == Qt::EditRole)
    {
        int iRow = index.row();
        int iColumn = index.column();
        QStringList strList = m_vecData.at(iRow);
        switch (iColumn)
        {
        case 0:
            strList.replace(iColumn, value.toString());
            m_vecData.replace(iRow, strList);
            break;
        case 1:
            strList.replace(iColumn, value.toString());
            m_vecData.replace(iRow, strList);
            break;
        case 2:
            strList.replace(iColumn, value.toString());
            m_vecData.replace(iRow, strList);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }

        //reset函数可以立即刷新表格数据
        reset();
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}


QVariant CModel::headerData(int section, Qt::Orientation orientation, int role) const
{
    if (orientation == Qt::Horizontal && role == Qt::DisplayRole)
    {
        return m_horHeard.at(section);
    }

    return QVariant();
}


Qt::ItemFlags CModel::flags(const QModelIndex &index) const
{
    Qt::ItemFlags flag = QAbstractTableModel::flags(index);
    if (index.column() > 0)
    {
        flag |= Qt::ItemIsEditable;
    }

    return flag;
}

void CModel::setParam(int sIndex, int eIndex)
{
    m_vecData.clear();
    for(int i = sIndex; i <= eIndex; i++)
    {
        QString sIndex = QString("%1").arg(i);
        QStringList strlist;
        strlist  << sIndex
                 << "00"
                 << "00";
        m_vecData.push_back(strlist);
    }

    reset();
}

QString CModel::pack()
{
    QString str;
    for(int i = 0; i < m_vecData.count(); i++)
    {
        QStringList strlist = m_vecData[i];
        //第一列不要
        for(int j = 1; j < strlist.count(); j++)
        {
            str.append(strlist[j]);
            str.append(" ");
        }
    }

    return str;
}

bool CModel::unpack(const QString &str, int sIndex, int &eIndex)
{
    QString sStr = str;
    sStr.remove(" ");

    if(sStr.length()%4 != 0)
    {
        return false;
    }

    m_vecData.clear();

    for(int i=0,j=0; j<sStr.length()/4; i+=4,j++)
    {
        QStringList sList;
        QString strH;
        QString strL;
        strH.append(sStr.at(i));
        strH.append(sStr.at(i+1));
        strL.append(sStr.at(i+2));
        strL.append(sStr.at(i+3));

        QString strIndex = QString("%1").arg(sIndex+j);
        sList << strIndex
              << strH
              << strL;
        m_vecData.append(sList);

        eIndex = sIndex+j;
    }

    reset();
    return true;
}

②界面交互类MainWindow

mainwindow.h

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>

class CModel;

namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT
    
public:
    explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~MainWindow();

private:
    //CRC16
    int crc16_modbus(unsigned char *buf, unsigned int len);

private slots:
    //显示寄存器table
    void on_btn_show_clicked();
    //寄存器的数据组帧
    void on_btn_pack_clicked();
    //帧的数据显示在寄存器table上
    void on_btn_unpack_clicked();
    //添加包头，组包
    void on_btn_pack2_clicked();
    //清空数据
    void on_btn_clear1_clicked();
    void on_btn_clear2_clicked();
    void on_btn_clear3_clicked();
    //浮点转16进制
    void on_btn_decTohex_clicked();
    //16进制转浮点
    void on_btn_hecTodec_clicked();

private:
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;

    CModel *m_pModel;
};

#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

mainwindow.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#include "CTable/CModel.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QMessageBox>


MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    this->setWindowTitle("PackApp");

    m_pModel = new CModel;

    ui->tableView->setModel(m_pModel);

    //设置表格属性
    ui->tableView->setEditTriggers(QTableView::AllEditTriggers);
    ui->tableView->setSelectionBehavior(QTableView::SelectRows);
    ui->tableView->setSelectionMode(QTableView::SingleSelection);
    ui->tableView->horizontalHeader()->setResizeMode(QHeaderView::Stretch);
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
    if(m_pModel != NULL)
    {
        delete m_pModel;
        m_pModel = NULL;
    }
}

void MainWindow::on_btn_show_clicked()
{
    int startRrgister = ui->ledit_startReg->text().toInt();
    int endRrgister = ui->ledit_endReg->text().toInt();
    m_pModel->setParam(startRrgister, endRrgister);
}

void MainWindow::on_btn_pack_clicked()
{
    if(ui->ledit_startReg->text().toInt() > ui->ledit_endReg->text().toInt())
    {
        QMessageBox::warning(this, "warning", "Register input wrong!");
        return;
    }

    ui->textEdit->clear();

    QString sValueStr = m_pModel->pack();
    ui->textEdit->append(sValueStr);
}

void MainWindow::on_btn_unpack_clicked()
{
    int eIndex = 0;
    bool bRet = m_pModel->unpack(ui->textEdit->toPlainText(),
                                 ui->ledit_startReg->text().toInt(),
                                 eIndex);
    if(bRet)
    {
        QString sEIndex = QString("%1").arg(eIndex);
        ui->ledit_endReg->setText(sEIndex);
    }
    else
    {
        QMessageBox::warning(this, "warning", "hex is wrong!");
    }
}


void MainWindow::on_btn_pack2_clicked()
{
    ui->textEdit3->clear();
    QString str = ui->textEdit2->toPlainText();
    str.remove(" ");
    if(str.length()%2 != 0)
    {
        QMessageBox::warning(this, "warning", "hex is wrong!");
        return;
    }

    unsigned char buffer[str.length()/2];
    for(int i=0,j=0; j<str.length()/2; i+=2,j++)
    {
        QString strHex;
        strHex.append("0x");
        strHex.append(str.at(i));
        strHex.append(str.at(i+1));

        int value = strHex.toInt(0, 16);
        buffer[j] = value;
    }

    int crc = crc16_modbus(buffer, str.length()/2);
    int crc16_H = ((crc&0xFF00) >> 8);
    int crc16_L = (crc&0xFF);

    QString sCRC16 = QString("%1 %2").arg(crc16_H, 2, 16, QChar('0')).arg(crc16_L, 2, 16, QChar('0'));
    sCRC16 = sCRC16.toUpper();
    ui->ledit_crc16->setText(sCRC16);
    ui->textEdit3->append(ui->textEdit2->toPlainText() + sCRC16);
}

void MainWindow::on_btn_clear1_clicked()
{
    ui->textEdit->clear();
}

void MainWindow::on_btn_clear2_clicked()
{
    ui->textEdit2->clear();
}

void MainWindow::on_btn_clear3_clicked()
{
    ui->textEdit3->clear();
}

void MainWindow::on_btn_decTohex_clicked()
{
    ui->ledit_hex->clear();

    union
    {
        float fValue;
        unsigned char cValue[4];
    }value;

    value.fValue = ui->ledit_dec->text().toFloat();

    QString str;
    for(int i = 3; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        //把10进制转换为16进制
        QString sHex = QString("%1").arg(value.cValue[i], 2, 16, QChar('0'));
        str.append(sHex + " ");
    }

    //全部转为大写字母
    str = str.toUpper();
    ui->ledit_hex->setText(str);
}

void MainWindow::on_btn_hecTodec_clicked()
{
    ui->ledit_dec->clear();

    union
    {
        float fValue;
        unsigned char cValue[4];
    }value;

    QString str = ui->ledit_hex->text();
    str.remove(" ");

    if(str.length() != 8)
    {
        QMessageBox::warning(this, "warning", "hex is wrong!");
        return;
    }

    //10进制转16进制
    for(int i=0,j=0; j<str.length()/2; i+=2,j++)
    {
        QString strHex;
        strHex.append("0x");
        strHex.append(str.at(i));
        strHex.append(str.at(i+1));

        int hex = strHex.toInt(0, 16);
        value.cValue[3-j] = hex;
    }

    QString text = QString("%1").arg(value.fValue);
    ui->ledit_dec->setText(text);
}


int MainWindow::crc16_modbus(unsigned char* buf, unsigned int len)
{
    unsigned int crc=0xFFFF;
    unsigned int i,j;

    for (j = 0; j < len; j++)
    {
        crc=crc^*buf++;
        for(i = 0; i<8; i++)
        {
            if ((crc&0x0001) > 0)
            {
                crc=crc>>1;
                crc=crc^0xa001;
            }
            else
            {
                crc = crc>>1;
            }
        }
    }

    crc = ((crc>>8) | ((crc&0xFF) << 8));

    return crc;
}

 

四、Demo/小工具

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1mwUi4TPLWWoVer7dAjZ8Ow 
提取码：exzj