如何在Ubuntu Linux上开采以太坊?

截至最近,加密货币热潮席卷整个互联网社区。人们发现,不需要一个价值数千美元的矿机就可以从中赚钱的加密货币。商店里显卡短缺,淘金热已经席卷了矿商。如果您有一张超过2GB的VRAM,您也可以尝试挖掘。让我们来看看最常见的采矿方式——以太坊。

以太坊被认为是一个伟大的货币,具有很高的潜在利润。要开采以太坊,您需要一个名为“ethminer”的软件,这是一个命令行工具。它可以在多个Linux发行版上运行,但是在本文中,我们将重点介绍Ubuntu 16.0.4/20.04和Debian 8。

在开始之前–为了不浪费时间,请勿尝试使用2 GB VRAM以下的卡进行挖掘,因为该软件不太可能被软件检测到并能够进行任何挖掘。最重要的是,如果您使用的是Nvidia卡,则必须使用专有驱动程序。对于AMD,AMDGPU驱动程序可以正常工作。

在本指南中,我将向您展示如何使用终端在Ubuntu上安装Ethminer。

添加以太坊存储库

首先,我们需要添加以太坊存储库,因此在终端中运行以下命令

linuxmi@linuxmi:~/www.linuxmi.com$ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common

如何在Ubuntu Linux上开采以太坊?如何在Ubuntu Linux上开采以太坊?

linuxmi@linuxmi:~/www.linuxmi.com$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ethereum/ethereum

如何在Ubuntu Linux上开采以太坊?如何在Ubuntu Linux上开采以太坊?

linuxmi@linuxmi:~/www.linuxmi.com$ sudo apt-get update

如何在Ubuntu Linux上开采以太坊?如何在Ubuntu Linux上开采以太坊?

如果您正在运行Debian,则需要替换存储库名称:

linuxmi@linuxmi:~/www.linuxmi.com$ sudo sed ‘s/jessie/vivid/’ -i /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ethereum-ethereum-*.list

安装Ethminer

我们终于可以开始安装ethminer了。然而,除此之外,我们还需要额外的包:Geth和Ethereum:

安装包

执行如下命令安装所需的软件包:

linuxmi@linuxmi:~/www.linuxmi.com$ sudo apt-get install ethereum geth

要使用挖掘虚拟货币所需的ethminer,我们必须从GitHub下载:https://github.com/ethereum-mining/ethminer/releases,在编写本教程时,最新版本是ethminer 0.19.0-alpha.0
输入以下命令下载并解压缩二进制文件:

linuxmi@linuxmi:~/www.linuxmi.com$ wget https://github.com/ethereum-mining/ethminer/releases/download/v0.19.0-alpha.0/ethminer-0.19.0-alpha.0-cuda-8-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
linuxmi@linuxmi:~/www.linuxmi.com$ mkdir ethminer
linuxmi@linuxmi:~/www.linuxmi.com$ cd ethminer
linuxmi@linuxmi:~/www.linuxmi.com$ tar -xzvf ../ethminer-0.19.0-alpha.0-cuda-8-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

选择一个网络

以太坊有两个。以太坊经典(称为ETC)和以太坊(称为ETH)。

对于矿工而言,主要区别在于价格和采矿难度。难度越高,您开采的货币就越少。您需要选择一种货币,它将为您带来最大的利润。截至撰写本文时,ETH具有更好的比率,20兆瓦的功率将为您带来29美元的利润,而ETC则为15美元,而功耗相同。

选择一个钱包

我假设您正在挖掘ETH;因此,我建议使用这个钱包。您设置的密码是永久性的,请不要丢失,因为您将丢失钱包中保存的所有内容。进行设置,然后我们将移至下一点。

单采或池采

通常,由于奖励较高,因此您希望在哈希较低的情况下进行挖矿。您也将需要更长的时间才能从单人采矿中获得利润。

从此列表中选择一个池。

除了列表中的池之外,可能还有其他池-找到最适合您的池。

开始采矿!

如应用程序所述,默认情况下,ethminer将尝试使用其可以检测到的所有设备类型。(可选)您可以限制此行为设置的以下两个选项之一:

-G,--opencl Mine/Benchmark using OpenCL only
-U,--cuda Mine/Benchmark using CUDA only

然后,执行挖掘命令,通常在池的网站上声明。

对dwarfpool来说,这是:

$ cd ./bin
$ ./ethminer -G -P http://eth-eu.dwarfpool.com:80/YOUR_WALLET

粘贴您的钱包地址,而不是YOUR_WALLET。

RX480卡上的输出应为:

[OPENCL] Found suitable OpenCL device [Ellesmere] with 8560984064 bytes of GPU Memory

虽然字节数将取决于有多少VRAM您的特定模型。给你!您现在正在Linux上挖掘以太坊。

尽管字节数将取决于您的特定型号具有多少VRAM。您现在可以在Linux上进行挖掘以太坊了。

仅需几个命令,您就可以使用一个加密货币矿工。Ethminer的优势是相对于其他解决方案而言是免费的,同时保持与专有软件相同的速度和效率。如果您想了解更多有关如此出色的Linux软件的信息,请继续关注。

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# ethminer [![standard-readme compliant](https://img.shields.io/badge/readme style-standard-brightgreen.svg)](https://github.com/RichardLitt/standard-readme) [![Gitter](https://img.shields.io/gitter/room/nwjs/nw.js.svg)][Gitter] [![Releases](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/ethereum-mining/ethminer/total.svg)][Releases] > Ethereum miner with OpenCL, CUDA and stratum support **Ethminer** is an Ethash GPU mining worker: with ethminer you can mine every coin which relies on an Ethash Proof of Work thus including Ethereum, Ethereum Classic, Metaverse, Musicoin, Ellaism, Pirl, Expanse and others. This is the actively maintained version of ethminer. It originates from [cpp-ethereum] project (where GPU mining has been discontinued) and builds on the improvements made in [Genoil's fork]. See [FAQ](#faq) for more details. ### Features - OpenCL mining - Nvidia CUDA mining - realistic benchmarking against arbitrary epoch/DAG/blocknumber - on-GPU DAG generation (no more DAG files on disk) - stratum mining without proxy - OpenCL devices picking - farm failover (getwork + stratum) ## Table of Contents - [Install](#install) - [Usage](#usage) - [Examples connecting some pools](#examples-connecting-some-pools) - [Build](#build) - [Continuous Integration and development builds](#continuous-integration-and-development-builds) - [Building from source](#building-from-source) - [CMake configuration options](#cmake-configuration-options) - [Maintainer](#maintainer) - [Contribute](#contribute) - [F.A.Q.](#faq) ## Install [![Releases](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/ethereum-mining/ethminer/total.svg)][Releases] Standalone **executables** for _Linux_, _macOS_ and _Windows_ are provided in the [Releases] section. Download an archive for your operating system and unpack the content to a place accessible from command line. The ethminer is ready to go. | Builds | Release | Date | | ------ | ------- | ---- | | Last | [![GitHub release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/ethereum-mining/ethminer/all.svg)](https://github.com/ethereum-mining/ethminer/releases) | [![GitHub Release Date](https://img.shields.io/github/release-date-pre/ethereum-mining/ethminer.svg)](https://github.com/ethereum-mining/ethminer/releases) | | Stable | [![GitHub release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/ethereum-mining/ethminer.svg)](https://github.com/ethereum-mining/ethminer/releases) | [![GitHub Release Date](https://img.shields.io/github/release-date/ethereum-mining/ethminer.svg)](https://github.com/ethereum-mining/ethminer/releases) | ## Usage The **ethminer** is a command line program. This means you launch it either from a Windows command prompt or Linux console, or create shortcuts to predefined command lines using a Linux Bash script or Windows batch/cmd file. For a full list of available command, please run: ```sh ethminer --help ``` ### Examples connecting some pools Check our [samples](POOL_EXAMPLES_ETH.md) to see how to connect to different pools. ## Build ### Continuous Integration and development builds | CI | OS | Status | Development builds | | ------------- | ------------- | ----- | ----------------- | | [Travis CI] | Linux, macOS | [![Travis CI](https://img.shields.io/travis/ethereum-mining/ethminer.svg)][Travis CI] | ✗ No build artifacts, [Amazon S3 is needed] for this | | [AppVeyor] | Windows | [![AppVeyor](https://img.shields.io/appveyor/ci/ethereum-mining/ethminer.svg)][AppVeyor] | ✓ Build artifacts available for all PRs and branches | The AppVeyor system automatically builds a Windows .exe for every commit. The latest version is always available [on the landing page](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ethereum-mining/ethminer) or you can [browse the history](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ethereum-mining/ethminer/history) to access previous builds. To download the .exe on a build under 'JOB NAME' select 'Configuration: Release', choose 'ARTIFACTS' then download the zip file. ### Building from source This project uses [CMake] and [Hunter] package manager. 1. Make sure git submodules are up to date ```sh git submodule update --init --recursive ``` 2. Create a build directory. ```sh mkdir build; cd build ``` 3. Configure the project with CMake. Check out additional [configuration options](#cmake-configuration-options). ```sh cmake .. ``` Note: In Windows, it is possible to have issues with VS 2017 compilers, in that case, use VS 2017 installer to get VS 2015 compilers and use: ```sh cmake .. -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" -Tv140,host=x64 ``` 4. Build the project using [CMake Build Tool Mode]. This is a portable variant of `make`. ```sh cmake --build . ``` Note: In Windows, it is possible to have compiler issues if you don't specify build config. In that case use: ```sh cmake --build . --config Release ``` 5. _(Optional, Linux only)_ Install the built executable. ```sh sudo make install ``` #### OpenCL support on Linux If you're planning to use [OpenCL on Linux](https://github.com/ruslo/hunter/wiki/pkg.opencl#pitfalls) you have to install OpenGL libraries. E.g. on Ubuntu run: ```sh sudo apt-get install mesa-common-dev ``` #### Disable Hunter If you want to install dependencies yourself or use system package manager you can disable Hunter by adding [-DHUNTER_ENABLED=OFF](https://docs.hunter.sh/en/latest/reference/user-variables.html#hunter-enabled) to configuration options. ### CMake configuration options Pass these options to CMake configuration command, e.g. ```sh cmake .. -DETHASHCUDA=ON -DETHASHCL=OFF ``` - `-DETHASHCL=ON` - enable OpenCL mining, `ON` by default, - `-DETHASHCUDA=ON` - enable CUDA mining, `ON` by default. - `-DAPICORE=ON` - enable API Server, `ON` by default. - `-DETHDBUS=ON` - enable D-Bus support, `OFF` by default. ## Maintainer [![Gitter](https://img.shields.io/gitter/room/ethereum-mining/ethminer.svg)][Gitter] - Paweł Bylica [@chfast](https://github.com/chfast) ## Contribute [![Gitter](https://img.shields.io/gitter/room/ethereum-mining/ethminer.svg)][Gitter] To meet the community, ask general questions and chat about ethminer join [the ethminer channel on Gitter][Gitter]. All bug reports, pull requests and code reviews are very much welcome. ## License Licensed under the [GNU General Public License, Version 3](LICENSE). ## F.A.Q 1. Why is my hashrate with Nvidia cards on Windows 10 so low? The new WDDM 2.x driver on Windows 10 uses a different way of addressing the GPU. This is good for a lot of things, but not for ETH mining. For Kepler GPUs: I actually don't know. Please let me know what works best for good old Kepler. For Maxwell 1 GPUs: Unfortunately the issue is a bit more serious on the GTX750Ti, already causing suboptimal performance on Win7 and Linux. Apparently about 4MH/s can still be reached on Linux, which, depending on ETH price, could still be profitable, considering the relatively low power draw. For Maxwell 2 GPUs: There is a way of mining ETH at Win7/8/Linux speeds on Win10, by downgrading the GPU driver to a Win7 one (350.12 recommended) and using a build that was created using CUDA 6.5. For Pascal GPUs: You have to use the latest WDDM 2.1 compatible drivers in combination with Windows 10 Anniversary edition in order to get the full potential of your Pascal GPU. 2. Why is a GTX 1080 slower than a GTX 1070? Because of the GDDR5X memory, which can't be fully utilized for ETH mining (yet). 3. Are AMD cards also affected by slowdowns with increasing DAG size? Only GCN 1.0 GPUs (78x0, 79x0, 270, 280), but in a different way. You'll see that on each new epoch (30K blocks), the hashrate will go down a little bit. 4. Can I still mine ETH with my 2GB GPU? Not really, your VRAM must be above the DAG size (Currently about 2.15 GB.) to get best performance. Without it severe hash loss will occur. 5. What are the optimal launch parameters? The default parameters are fine in most scenario's (CUDA). For OpenCL it varies a bit more. Just play around with the numbers and use powers of 2. GPU's like powers of 2. 6. What does the `--cuda-parallel-hash` flag do? [@davilizh](https://github.com/davilizh) made improvements to the CUDA kernel hashing process and added this flag to allow changing the number of tasks it runs in parallel. These improvements were optimised for GTX 1060 GPUs which saw a large increase in hashrate, GTX 1070 and GTX 1080/Ti GPUs saw some, but less, improvement. The default value is 4 (which does not need to be set with the flag) and in most cases this will provide the best performance. 7. What is ethminer's relationship with [Genoil's fork]? [Genoil's fork] was the original source of this version, but as Genoil is no longer consistently maintaining that fork it became almost impossible for developers to get new code merged there. In the interests of progressing development without waiting for reviews this fork should be considered the active one and Genoil's as legacy code. 8. Can I CPU Mine? No, use geth, the go program made for ethereum by ethereum. 9. CUDA GPU order changes sometimes. What can I do? There is an environment var `CUDA_DEVICE_ORDER` which tells the Nvidia CUDA driver how to enumerates the graphic cards. Following values are valid: * FASTEST_FIRST (Default) - causes CUDA to guess which device is fastest using a simple heuristic. * PCI_BUS_ID - orders devices by PCI bus ID in ascending order. To prevent some unwanted changes in the order of your CUDA devices you **might set the environment to `PCI_BUS_ID`**. This can be done: * Linux: * Adapt /etc/environment file and add a line `CUDA_DEVICE_ORDER=PCI_BUS_ID` * Adapt your start script launching ethminer and add a line `export CUDA_DEVICE_ORDER=PCI_BUS_ID` * Windows: * Adapt your environment using the control panel (just search `setting environment windows control panel` using your favorite search engine) * Adapt your start (.bat) file launching ethminer and add a line `setx CUDA_DEVICE_ORDER=PCI_BUS_ID` or `set CUDA_DEVICE_ORDER=PCI_BUS_ID` * For more details about `setx` and `set` see [Amazon S3 is needed]: https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/uploading-artifacts/ [AppVeyor]: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ethereum-mining/ethminer [CMake]: https://cmake.org/ [CMake Build Tool Mode]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/manual/cmake.1.html#build-tool-mode [cpp-ethereum]: https://github.com/ethereum/cpp-ethereum [Genoil's fork]: https://github.com/Genoil/cpp-ethereum [Gitter]: https://gitter.im/ethereum-mining/ethminer [Hunter]: https://docs.hunter.sh/ [Releases]: https://github.com/ethereum-mining/ethminer/releases [Travis CI]: https://travis-ci.org/ethereum-mining/ethminer
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