Docker学习笔记（三）——Get Started, Part 2：容器

介绍

使用docker 方式build应用分为这样几个层次，从上到下依次是：

• Stack
• Services
• Container(you are here )

新的开发环境

过去运行python应用，需要安装python环境。现在使用docker，可以将可移植的Python运行时作为image，无需安装。你的构建可以包含基本Python image，确保您的应用程序，其依赖项和运行时都一起运行。

这个可移植的image 通过Dockerfile来定义

用 Dockerfile 定义一个容器

• 创建一个空目录，切换到该目录
• 创建一个叫做 Dockerfile的文件，将以下内容拷贝到文件中保存。

# Use an official Python runtime as a parent image
FROM python:2.7-slim

# Set the working directory to /app
WORKDIR /app

# Copy the current directory contents into the container at /app
ADD . /app

# Install any needed packages specified in requirements.txt
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org -r requirements.txt

# Make port 80 available to the world outside this container
EXPOSE 80

# Define environment variable
ENV NAME World

# Run app.py when the container launches
CMD ["python", "app.py"]

The app itself

创建两个文件 requirements.txt 和 app.py，放到和 Dockerfile 相同的目录.

requirements.txt

Flask
Redis

app.py

from flask import Flask
from redis import Redis, RedisError
import os
import socket

# Connect to Redis
redis = Redis(host="redis", db=0, socket_connect_timeout=2, socket_timeout=2)

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    try:
        visits = redis.incr("counter")
    except RedisError:
        visits = "<i>cannot connect to Redis, counter disabled</i>"

    html = "<h3>Hello {name}!</h3>" \
           "<b>Hostname:</b> {hostname}<br/>" \
           "<b>Visits:</b> {visits}"
    return html.format(name=os.getenv("NAME", "world"), hostname=socket.gethostname(), visits=visits)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=80)

build the app

运行build命令，会创建一个Docker iamge. 使用tag参数可以设置一个更友好的名字。

docker build -t friendlyhello .

Where is your built image? It’s in your machine’s local Docker image registry:

$ docker image ls

REPOSITORY            TAG                 IMAGE ID
friendlyhello         latest              326387cea398

Run the app

• Run the app, mapping your machine’s port 4000 to the container’s published port 80 using -p:

> docker run -p 4000:80 friendlyhello
docker: Error response from daemon: cgroups: cannot found cgroup mount destination: unknown.
ERRO[0001] error waiting for container: context canceled

//解决方法：
sudo mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd
sudo mount -t cgroup -o none,name=systemd cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd

//再次部署
> docker run -p 4000:80 friendlyhello
 * Running on http://0.0.0.0:80/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)

• Now let’s run the app in the background, in detached mode:

docker run -d -p 4000:80 friendlyhello

• 打开浏览器访问http://localhost:4000

• 也可以通过curl命令访问

$ curl http://localhost:4000

<h3>Hello World!</h3><b>Hostname:</b> 8fc990912a14<br/><b>Visits:</b> <i>cannot connect to Redis, counter disabled</i>

• 获取 container ID

$ docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED
1fa4ab2cf395        friendlyhello       "python app.py"     28 seconds ago

• stop 进程

docker container stop 1fa4ab2cf395

Share your image

1、登录Docker

使用Docker ID 登录，如果没有Docker account, 在 cloud.docker.com. 注册。在本机登录

$ docker login

2、Tag the image

命令格式：

docker tag image username/repository:tag

例如：

docker tag friendlyhello yolanda99/get-started:part2

tag 是可选的，推荐填写，This puts the image in the get-started repository and tag it as part2

$ docker image ls

REPOSITORY               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
friendlyhello            latest              d9e555c53008        3 minutes ago       195MB
yolanda99/get-started         part2               d9e555c53008        3 minutes ago       195MB
python                   2.7-slim            1c7128a655f6        5 days ago          183MB
...

3、Publish the image

Upload your tagged image to the repository。命令格式：

docker push username/repository:tag

例：

docker push yolanda99/get-started:part2

4、Pull and run the image from the remote repository

From now on, you can use docker run and run your app on any machine with this command:

docker run -p 4000:80 username/repository:tag

If the image isn’t available locally on the machine, Docker pulls it from the repository.

$ docker run -p 4000:80 yolanda99/get-started:part2
Unable to find image 'yolanda99/get-started:part2' locally
part2: Pulling from yolanda99/get-started
Digest: sha256:067288f859e81e830b67be58c7e8863a4535f6b23a52a57d02526728eb82f079
Status: Downloaded newer image for yolanda99/get-started:part2
 * Running on http://0.0.0.0:80/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)

命令小结

docker build -t friendlyhello .  # Create image using this directory's Dockerfile
docker run -p 4000:80 friendlyhello  # Run "friendlyhello" mapping port 4000 to 80
docker run -d -p 4000:80 friendlyhello         # Same thing, but in detached mode
docker container ls                                # List all running containers
docker container ls -a             # List all containers, even those not running
docker container stop <hash>           # Gracefully stop the specified container
docker container kill <hash>         # Force shutdown of the specified container
docker container rm <hash>        # Remove specified container from this machine
docker container rm $(docker container ls -a -q)         # Remove all containers
docker image ls -a                             # List all images on this machine
docker image rm <image id>            # Remove specified image from this machine
docker image rm $(docker image ls -a -q)   # Remove all images from this machine
docker login             # Log in this CLI session using your Docker credentials
docker tag <image> username/repository:tag  # Tag <image> for upload to registry
docker push username/repository:tag            # Upload tagged image to registry
docker run username/repository:tag                   # Run image from a registry