SpringBoot使用Junit单元测试报错

使用SpringBoot的Junit单元测试，需要引入依赖

 <!-- Spring Boot Test 依赖 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

测试类如下：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@Slf4j
public class UserControllerTest {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Test
    public void testGetUserInfoById() {
        User user = userService.getUserInfoById(1);
        log.info("用户信息:" + user);
    }
}

运行测试类就报错

Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:53924', transport: 'socket'
11:47:21.374 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner - SpringJUnit4ClassRunner constructor called with [class org.example.controller.UserControllerTest]
11:47:21.378 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils - Instantiating CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate from class [org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate]
11:47:21.385 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils - Instantiating BootstrapContext using constructor [public org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultBootstrapContext(java.lang.Class,org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate)]
11:47:21.403 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils - Instantiating TestContextBootstrapper for test class [org.example.controller.UserControllerTest] from class [org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper]
11:47:21.415 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Neither @ContextConfiguration nor @ContextHierarchy found for test class [org.example.controller.UserControllerTest], using SpringBootContextLoader
11:47:21.418 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractContextLoader - Did not detect default resource location for test class [org.example.controller.UserControllerTest]: class path resource [org/example/controller/UserControllerTest-context.xml] does not exist
11:47:21.418 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractContextLoader - Did not detect default resource location for test class [org.example.controller.UserControllerTest]: class path resource [org/example/controller/UserControllerTestContext.groovy] does not exist
11:47:21.418 [main] INFO org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractContextLoader - Could not detect default resource locations for test class [org.example.controller.UserControllerTest]: no resource found for suffixes {-context.xml, Context.groovy}.
11:47:21.419 [main] INFO org.springframework.test.context.support.AnnotationConfigContextLoaderUtils - Could not detect default configuration classes for test class [org.example.controller.UserControllerTest]: UserControllerTest does not declare any static, non-private, non-final, nested classes annotated with @Configuration.
11:47:21.456 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.ActiveProfilesUtils - Could not find an 'annotation declaring class' for annotation type [org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles] and class [org.example.controller.UserControllerTest]

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration, you need to use @ContextConfiguration or @SpringBootTest(classes=...) with your test

	at org.springframework.util.Assert.state(Assert.java:73)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.getOrFindConfigurationClasses(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:233)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.processMergedContextConfiguration(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:149)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:395)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildDefaultMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:312)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:265)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildTestContext(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:108)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.buildTestContext(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:98)
	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:139)
	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:124)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTestContextManager(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:151)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.<init>(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:142)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner.<init>(SpringRunner.java:49)
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
	at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
	at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:104)
	at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:86)
	at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
	at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
	at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
	at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:33)
	at org.junit.internal.requests.FilterRequest.getRunner(FilterRequest.java:36)
	at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:49)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:230)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:58)

Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:53924', transport: 'socket'

Process finished with exit code -1

仔细看错误提示的错误原因，发现需要在配置SpringBootTest注解的时候，需要配置启动类；

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration, you need to use @ContextConfiguration or @SpringBootTest(classes=...) with your test

 

修改如下：添加启动类到calsses中。DemoApplication.java是我的项目启动类文件

@SpringBootTest(classes = {DemoApplication.class})

再次启动，即可正常进行单元测试