C# DataTable

　　转载：http://www.cnblogs.com/fengkuangshubiaodian/archive/2012/08/01/2609911.html

http://blog.csdn.net/hcw_peter/article/details/3980723

在项目中经常用到DataTable,如果DataTable使用得当，不仅能使程序简洁实用，而且能够提高性能，达到事半功倍的效果，现对DataTable的使用技巧进行一下总结。 

        一、DataTable简介    

          (1)构造函数 
          DataTable()   不带参数初始化DataTable 类的新实例。 
          DataTable(string tableName)  用指定的表名初始化DataTable 类的新实例。 
          DataTable(string tableName, string tableNamespace) 用指定的表名和命名空间初始化DataTable类的新实例。 
          (2) 常用属性 
          CaseSensitive    指示表中的字符串比较是否区分大小写。 
          ChildRelations   获取此DataTable 的子关系的集合。 
          Columns             获取属于该表的列的集合。 
          Constraints        获取由该表维护的约束的集合。 
          DataSet               获取此表所属的DataSet。 
          DefaultView       获取可能包括筛选视图或游标位置的表的自定义视图。 
          HasErrors          获取一个值，该值指示该表所属的DataSet 的任何表的任何行中是否有错误。 
          MinimumCapacity  获取或设置该表最初的起始大小。该表中行的最初起始大小。默认值为 50。 
          Rows                  获取属于该表的行的集合。 
          TableName       获取或设置DataTable 的名称。 

          (3)常用方法 
          AcceptChanges()   提交自上次调用AcceptChanges() 以来对该表进行的所有更改。 
          BeginInit()         开始初始化在窗体上使用或由另一个组件使用的DataTable。初始化发生在运行时。

          Clear()               清除所有数据的DataTable。 
          Clone()              克隆DataTable 的结构，包括所有DataTable 架构和约束。 
          EndInit()            结束在窗体上使用或由另一个组件使用的DataTable 的初始化。初始化发生在运行时。 
          ImportRow(DataRow row)    将DataRow 复制到DataTable 中，保留任何属性设置以及初始值和当前值。 
          Merge(DataTable table)  将指定的DataTable 与当前的DataTable 合并。 
          NewRow()         创建与该表具有相同架构的新DataRow。
 
        二、DataTable使用技巧

      （1）Create a DataTable
         DataTable dt = new DataTable("Table_AX"); 

      （2）Add columns for DataTable
        //Method 1
        dt.Columns.Add("column0", System.Type.GetType("System.String"));
        //Method 2
        DataColumn dc = new DataColumn("column1", System.Type.GetType("System.Boolean"));
        dt.Columns.Add(dc); 

       （3）Add rows for DataTable
         //Initialize the row
         DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
         dr["column0"] = "AX";
         dr["column1"] = true;
         dt.Rows.Add(dr);
         //Doesn't initialize the row
         DataRow dr1 = dt.NewRow();
         dt.Rows.Add(dr1);  

        （4）Select row
         //Search the second row 如果没有赋值,则用is null来select
         DataRow[] drs = dt.Select("column1 is null");
         DataRow[] drss = dt.Select("column0 = 'AX'"); 

        （5）Copy DataTable include data
         DataTable dtNew = dt.Copy(); 

        （6）Copy DataTable only scheme
         DataTable dtOnlyScheme = dt.Clone(); 

        （7）Operate one row
         //对dt的操作
         //Method 1
         DataRow drOperate = dt.Rows[0];
         drOperate["column0"] = "AXzhz";
         drOperate["column1"] = false;
         //Method 2
         drOperate[0] = "AXzhz";
         drOperate[1] = false;
         //Method 3
         dt.Rows[0]["column0"] = "AXzhz";
         dt.Rows[0]["column1"] = false;
         //Method 4
         dt.Rows[0][0] = "AXzhz";
         dt.Rows[0][1] = false; 

       （8）Evaluate another DataTable's row to current Datatable
         dtOnlyScheme.Rows.Add(dt.Rows[0].ItemArray); 

       （9）Convert to string
         System.IO.StringWriter sw = new System.IO.StringWriter();
         System.Xml.XmlTextWriter xw = new System.Xml.XmlTextWriter(sw);
         dt.WriteXml(xw);
         string s = sw.ToString();

        （10）Filter DataTable
         dt.DefaultView.RowFilter = "column1 <> true";
         dt.DefaultView.RowFilter = "column1 = true";

        （11）Sort row
          dt.DefaultView.Sort = "ID ,Name ASC";
          dt=dt.DefaultView.ToTable();

         （12）Bind DataTable
           //绑定的其实是DefaultView
          gvTestDataTable.DataSource = dt;
          gvTestDataTable.DataBind();

         （13）judge the DataTable’s Column name is a string
          //判断一个字符串是否为DataTable的列名
         dtInfo.Columns.Contains("AX");

         （14）DataTable convert to XML and XML convert to DataTable
          protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
          {
             DataTable dt_AX = new DataTable();
             //dt_AX.Columns.Add("Sex", typeof(System.Boolean));
             //DataRow dr = dt_AX.NewRow();
             //dr["Sex"] = true;
             //dt_AX.Rows.Add(dr);
             string xml=ConvertBetweenDataTableAndXML_AX(dt_AX);
             DataTable dt = ConvertBetweenDataTableAndXML_AX(xml);
         }
         public string ConvertBetweenDataTableAndXML_AX(DataTable dtNeedCoveret)
        {
             System.IO.TextWriter tw = new System.IO.StringWriter();
             //if TableName is empty, WriteXml() will throw Exception.                 

dtNeedCoveret.TableName=dtNeedCoveret.TableName.Length==0?"Table_AX":dtNeedCoveret.TableName;
             dtNeedCoveret.WriteXml(tw);
             dtNeedCoveret.WriteXmlSchema(tw);
             return tw.ToString();
        }
         public DataTable ConvertBetweenDataTableAndXML_AX(string xml)
        {
             System.IO.TextReader trDataTable = new System.IO.StringReader(xml.Substring(0, xml.IndexOf("<?xml")));
             System.IO.TextReader trSchema = new System.IO.StringReader(xml.Substring(xml.IndexOf("<?xml")));
             DataTable dtReturn = new DataTable();
             dtReturn.ReadXmlSchema(trSchema);
             dtReturn.ReadXml(trDataTable);
             return dtReturn;
        }

 

1.遍历table中的数据

string str =null;

  DataTable table = ds.Tables[0];
                foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows)
                {
                    foreach (DataColumn column in table.Columns)
                    {
                        
                        str += column.ColumnName.ToString() + ":"+ row[column] + " ";
                    }
                    str += "\n";
                }

DataRow 模拟的是数据库中的一行。使用 HasVersion 和 IsNull 属性确定特定行值的状态。

1. 添加行

　　创建新的 DataRow，要使用 DataTable 对象的 NewRow 方法。然后，使用 Add 方法将新的 DataRow 添加到 DataRowCollection 中。最后，调用 DataTable 对象的 AcceptChanges 方法以确认是否已添加。具体描述参考我另一篇文章 C# DataTable。

private void CreateNewDataRow()
{
    // Use the MakeTable function below to create a new table.
    DataTable table;
    table = MakeNamesTable();

    // Once a table has been created, use the 
    // NewRow to create a DataRow.
    DataRow row;
    row = table.NewRow();

    // Then add the new row to the collection.
    row["fName"] = "John";
    row["lName"] = "Smith";
    table.Rows.Add(row);

    foreach(DataColumn column in table.Columns)
        Console.WriteLine(column.ColumnName);
    dataGrid1.DataSource=table;
}

private DataTable MakeNamesTable()
{
    // Create a new DataTable titled 'Names.'
    DataTable namesTable = new DataTable("Names"); 

    // Add three column objects to the table.
    DataColumn idColumn = new  DataColumn();
    idColumn.DataType = System.Type.GetType("System.Int32");
    idColumn.ColumnName = "id";
    idColumn.AutoIncrement = true;
    namesTable.Columns.Add(idColumn);

    DataColumn fNameColumn = new DataColumn();
    fNameColumn.DataType = System.Type.GetType("System.String");
    fNameColumn.ColumnName = "Fname";
    fNameColumn.DefaultValue = "Fname";
    namesTable.Columns.Add(fNameColumn);

    DataColumn lNameColumn = new DataColumn();
    lNameColumn.DataType = System.Type.GetType("System.String");
    lNameColumn.ColumnName = "LName";
    namesTable.Columns.Add(lNameColumn);

    // Create an array for DataColumn objects.
    DataColumn [] keys = new DataColumn [1];
    keys[0] = idColumn;
    namesTable.PrimaryKey = keys;

    // Return the new DataTable.
    return namesTable;
}

///
DataRow workRow;
for (int i = 0; i <= 9; i++) 
{
  workRow = workTable.NewRow();
  workRow[0] = i;
  workRow[1] = "CustName" + i.ToString();
  workTable.Rows.Add(workRow);
}

2. 删除行

　　您可通过调用 DataRowCollection 的 Remove 方法或调用 DataRow 对象的 Delete 方法，从 DataRowCollection 中删除 DataRow。Remove 方法将行从集合中移除。与此相反，Delete 标记要移除的 DataRow。在调用AcceptChanges 方法时发生实际移除。通过调用 Delete，您可在实际删除行之前以编程方式检查哪些行被标记为移除。具体描述参考我另外一篇文章 C# DataTable。

private void DemonstrateAcceptChanges()
{
    //Run a function to create a DataTable with one column.
    DataTable table = MakeTable();
    DataRow row;

    // Create a new DataRow.
    row = table.NewRow();
    // Detached row.
    Console.WriteLine("New Row " + row.RowState);

    table.Rows.Add(row);
    // New row.
    Console.WriteLine("AddRow " + row.RowState);

    table.AcceptChanges();
    // Unchanged row.
    Console.WriteLine("AcceptChanges " + row.RowState);

    row["FirstName"] = "Scott";
    // Modified row.
    Console.WriteLine("Modified " + row.RowState);

    row.Delete();
    // Deleted row.
    Console.WriteLine("Deleted " + row.RowState);
}

private DataTable MakeTable()
{
    // Make a simple table with one column.
    DataTable table = new DataTable("table");
    DataColumn fnameColumn = new DataColumn(
        "FirstName", Type.GetType("System.String"));
    table.Columns.Add(fnameColumn);
    return table;
}