netty-01-netty入门

1-netty是什么

官网：https://netty.io/

Netty is an asynchronous event-driven network application framework

for rapid development of maintainable high performance protocol servers & clients.

翻译一下：Netty 是一个异步的、基于事件驱动的网络应用框架，用于快速开发可维护、高性能的网络服务器和客户端。

2-netty优点

netty对java 原生NIO进行进一步的封装，增强，比Java的NIO使用起来更加方便，工作量更少，性能更加优秀...一些优秀的框架都是采用netty进行网络通信；

3-代码入门

netty版本采用4.1.39.Final

3.1-pom依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.16.18</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
            <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.39.Final</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
            <version>19.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
            <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
            <version>3.11.3</version>
        </dependency>


  

logback.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration
        xmlns="http://ch.qos.logback/xml/ns/logback"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://ch.qos.logback/xml/ns/logback logback.xsd">
    <!-- 输出控制，格式控制-->
    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%date{HH:mm:ss} [%-5level] [%thread] %logger{17} - %m%n </pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
  
    <logger name="com.netty" level="DEBUG" additivity="false">
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
    </logger>

    <logger name="io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler" level="DEBUG" additivity="false">
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
    </logger>

    <root level="ERROR">
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
    </root>
</configuration>

3.2-服务器端

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;


@Slf4j
public class HelloServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1. 启动器，负责组装 netty 组件，启动服务器
        new ServerBootstrap()
                // 2. BossEventLoop, WorkerEventLoop(selector,thread), group 组
                .group(new NioEventLoopGroup())
                // 3. 选择 服务器的 ServerSocketChannel 实现
                .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) // OIO BIO
                // 4. boss 负责处理连接 worker(child) 负责处理读写，决定了 worker(child) 能执行哪些操作（handler）
                .childHandler(
                        // 5. channel 代表和客户端进行数据读写的通道 Initializer 初始化，负责添加别的 handler
                        new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {
                            @Override
                            protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                                log.info("HelloServer,initChannel");
                                // 6. 添加具体 handler
                                ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler());
                                ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder()); // 将 ByteBuf 转换为字符串
                                ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() { // 自定义 handler
                                    @Override // 读事件
                                    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
                                        log.info("msg={}",msg);
                                    }
                                });
                            }
                        })
                // 7. 绑定监听端口
                .bind(8080);
    }
}

3.3-客户端代码

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

@Slf4j
public class HelloClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        // 1. 启动类
        new Bootstrap()
                // 2. 添加 EventLoop
                .group(new NioEventLoopGroup())
                // 3. 选择客户端 channel 实现
                .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                // 4. 添加处理器
                .handler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {
                    @Override // 在连接建立后被调用
                    protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                        log.info("HelloClient,initChannel");
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringEncoder());
                    }
                })
                // 5. 连接到服务器
                .connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080))
                .sync()
                .channel()
                // 6. 向服务器发送数据
                .writeAndFlush("hello, world");
    }

}

ps:idea调试模拟多个客户端

执行顺序流程图