1. AOP
1.1 概述
1.1.1 定义
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AOP(Aspect Oriented Programming),即面向切面编程 。在不修改原有代码的基础上,对代码进行增强。
1.1.2 术语
1.1.3 底层原理
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debug调试
1.2 入门案例
1.2.1 环境搭建
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项目名:day049_spring_aop
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坐标:web、test、aop
<!--确定spring boot版本--> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> </parent> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <!--web开发启动器--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!--test 启动器--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> <!--aop 启动器--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
1.2.2 基本代码
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配置文件:application.yml (可选)
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启动类:AopApplication
package com.czxy; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; /** * @author 桐叔 * @email liangtong@itcast.cn * @description */ @SpringBootApplication public class AopApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(AopApplication.class, args); } }
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目标类:UserService、UserServiceImpl
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UserService接口
package com.czxy.service; /** * @author 桐叔 * @email liangtong@itcast.cn * @description */ public interface UserService { public Integer insert(); public Integer update(String text); }
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UserServiceImpl实现类
package com.czxy.service.impl; import com.czxy.service.UserService; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * @author 桐叔 * @email liangtong@itcast.cn * @description */ @Service public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Override public Integer insert() { System.out.println("user service impl insert"); return 1; } @Override public Integer update(String text) { System.out.println("user service impl update: " + text); return 100; } }
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测试类:TestUserService
package com.czxy; import com.czxy.service.UserService; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import javax.annotation.Resource; /** * @author 桐叔 * @email liangtong@itcast.cn * @description */ @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = AopApplication.class) public class TestUserService { @Resource private UserService userService; @Test public void testInsert() { Integer result = userService.insert(); System.out.println(result); } @Test public void testUpdate() { Integer result = userService.update("溜溜溜"); System.out.println(result); } }
1.2.3 AOP代码
package com.czxy.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * @author 桐叔 * @email liangtong@itcast.cn * @description */ @Component //将当前类,加载到Spring容器 @Aspect //声明切面类 public class MyAspect { //前置通知注解 @Before("execution(* com.czxy.service..*.*(..))") public void before() { System.out.println("开启事务"); } //后置通知 @AfterReturning("execution(* com.czxy.service..*.*(..))") public void ar() { System.out.println("提交事务"); } }
1.3 通知类型
try {
//1.前置通知 @Before //3.环绕通知(前) @Around
// 业务代码
//2.后置通知 @AfterReturning //3.环绕通知(后) @Around
} catch (Exception e) {
//4.抛出异常通知 @AfterThrowing
} finally {
//5.最终通知 @After
}
package com.czxy.aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* @author 桐叔
* @email liangtong@itcast.cn
* @description
*/
@Component //将当前类,加载到Spring容器
@Aspect //声明切面类
public class MyAspect {
//前置通知注解
@Before("execution(* com.czxy.service..*.*(..))")
public void before(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
// 通过连接点(joinPoint)获得方法签名(Signature),从而获得方法的名称
System.out.println("前置通知: " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
}
//后置通知,可以获得返回值的,通过returning设置变量名
@AfterReturning(value = "execution(* com.czxy.service..*.*(..))", returning = "r")
public void ar(JoinPoint joinPoint, Object r) {
System.out.println("后置通知:" + joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + ", 返回值:" + r);
}
//环绕通知:需要手动执行目标方法,返回值类型Object
@Around("execution(* com.czxy.service..*.*(..))")
public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("环绕前:" + proceedingJoinPoint.getSignature().getName());
//手动执行目标方法
Object r = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
System.out.println("环绕后");
return r;
}
//抛出异常通知,获得异常类型,通过throwing设置变量名
@AfterThrowing(value = "execution(* com.czxy.service..*.*(..))", throwing = "e")
public void afterThrowing(Exception e) {
System.out.println("抛出异常通知:" + e.getMessage());
}
//最终异常
@After("execution(* com.czxy.service..*.*(..))")
public void after() {
System.out.println("最终通知");
}
}
1.4 切入点表达式
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切入点指示符用来指示切入点表达式目的。将通知作用到哪里?
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AspectJ提供多种指示符:
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本章节主要学习:execution
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语法:
execution(访问修饰符? 返回值 包名.类名.方法名(方法参数) throws 异常?)
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其中带
?
的表示可以省略的部分 -
表达式中支持使用一些特殊符号进行模糊匹配
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*
用于匹配1个或多个位置 -
..
用于匹配0个或多个位置
//实例 //返回值任意 报名. 当前包及其子包 类名任意 方法名任意 参数任意 * com.czxy.service .. * . * (..) //各个成员取值: 返回值: int、String 等,具体的类型 * 任意类型 包名: com.czxy 具体的包 com.czxy.. 当前包及其子包 com.czxy.*service 以Service结尾的包 类名: User* 以User为前缀 *Service 以Service为后缀 * 任意 方法名 select* 以select开头 save* 以save开头 参数 int 一个参数 int,int 两个参数 .. 任意
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抽取切入点
package com.czxy.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @author 桐叔 * @email liangtong@itcast.cn * @description */ @Component //将当前类,加载到Spring容器 @Aspect //声明切面类 public class MyAspect2 { // 抽取切入点表达式 @Pointcut("execution(* com.czxy.service..*.*(..))") private void myPointcut(){ } @Before("myPointcut()") public void before(JoinPoint joinPoint) { System.out.println("前置通知2: " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName()); } @AfterReturning(value = "myPointcut()", returning = "r") public void ar(JoinPoint joinPoint, Object r) { System.out.println("后置通知2:" + joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + ", 返回值:" + r); } }