LINUX终端编程

　　如果想知道标准输出是否被重定向了，只需要检查底层的文件描述符是否关联到了一个终端即可。系统调用isatty就是用来完成这个任务的。
你只需要将有效的文件描述符传递给它，它就能判断是否连接到了一个终端。
　　Linux提供了一个特殊的设备/dev/tty来解决对终端的读写问题，这个设备始终指向当前终端或当前登录的会话，由于linux把一切事物都当作
文件来看，所以，我们可以像操作一般的文件来操作对/dev/tty的读写。

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  

char *menu[] = {  
    "a - add new record",  
    "d - delete record",  
    "q - quit",  
    NULL,  
};  

int getchoice(char *greet, char *choices[], FILE *in, FILE *out);  

int main()  
{  
    int choice = 0;  
    FILE *input;  
    FILE *output;  

    if (!isatty(fileno(stdout))) {  
        fprintf(stderr,"You are not a terminal, OK.\n");  
    }  

    input = fopen("/dev/tty", "r");  
    output = fopen("/dev/tty", "w");  
    if(!input || !output) {   
        fprintf(stderr,"Unable to open /dev/tty\n");  
        exit(1);  
    }  

    do {  
        choice = getchoice("Please select an action", menu, input, output);  
        printf("You have chosen: %c\n", choice);  
    } while (choice != 'q');  
    exit(0);  
}  

int getchoice(char *greet, char *choices[], FILE *in, FILE *out)  
{  
    int chosen = 0;  
    int selected;  
    char **option;  

    do {  
        fprintf(out,"Choice: %s\n",greet);  
        option = choices;  
        while(*option) {  
            fprintf(out,"%s\n",*option);  
            option++;  
        }  
        do {  
            selected = fgetc(in);  
        } while (selected == '\n');  
        option = choices;  
        while(*option) {  
            if(selected == *option[0]) {  
                chosen = 1;  
                break;  
            }  
            option++;  
        }  
        if(!chosen) {  
            fprintf(out,"Incorrect choice, select again\n");  
        }  
    } while(!chosen);  
    return selected;  
}  

重定向标准输出到文件，此时stdout不是终端，所以输出如下：

gcc putty.c
./a.out >file
You are not a terminal,OK.

正常执行如下：

./a.out
You have chosen: a
Choice: Please select an action
a - add new record
d - delete record
q - quit
d
You have chosen: d
Choice: Please select an action
a - add new record
d - delete record
q - quit
c
Incorrect choice, select again
Choice: Please select an action
a - add new record
d - delete record
q - quit