查票功能:
我们可以通过爬虫爬取12306网站的余票信息,然后进行展示。以下是一个简单的示例代码:
Station_Parse.py
import re
import requests
class parse_station():
def __init__(self):
pass
def parse(self, station_opt):
self.url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9042'
self.res = requests.get(self.url, verify=False)
self.pattern = u'([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)\|([A-Z]+)'
self.stations = dict(re.findall(self.pattern, self.res.text))
try:
return self.stations[station_opt]
except:
return None
def disparse(self, station_opt):
self.url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9042'
self.res = requests.get(self.url, verify=False)
self.pattern = u'([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)\|([A-Z]+)'
self.stations = dict(re.findall(self.pattern, self.res.text))
try:
return list(self.stations.keys())[list(self.stations.values()).index(station_opt)]
except:
return None
抢票功能:
我们可以使用selenium模拟用户在12306网站上进行订单提交的过程。以下是一个简单的示例代码:
抢票.py
########################################################
# 火车票抢票系统V1.0
########################################################
import requests
import Station_Parse
import threading
import os
from datetime import datetime
from splinter.browser import Browser
from time import sleep
from tkinter import *
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
from tkinter import messagebox
from requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
# 忽视该警告
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning)
# 车票查询部分
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 数据处理+显示
class Trains_Demo():
# 初始化
def __init__(self, txt_show_ticket, raw_trains, option):
self.headers = '车次: 车站: 时间: 历时: 商务/特等座: 一等座: 二等座: 高级软卧: 软卧: 动卧: 硬卧: 软座: 硬座: 无座:'.split()
self.raw_trains = raw_trains
self.option = option
txt_show_ticket.delete(1.0, END)
# 获取出发和到达站
def get_from_to_station_name(self, data_list):
self.from_station_name = data_list[6]
self.to_station_name = data_list[7]
self.from_to_station_name = Station_Parse.parse_station().disparse(self.from_station_name) + '-->' + Station_Parse.parse_station().disparse(self.to_station_name)
return self.from_to_station_name
# 获得出发和到达时间
def get_start_arrive_time(self, data_list):
self.start_arrive_time = data_list[8] + '-->' + data_list[9]
return self.start_arrive_time
# 解析trains数据(与headers依次对应)
def parse_trains_data(self, data_list):
return {
'trips': data_list[3],
'from_to_station_name': self.get_from_to_station_name(data_list),
'start_arrive_time': self.get_start_arrive_time(data_list),
'duration': data_list[10],
'business_premier_seat': data_list[32] or '--',
'first_class_seat': data_list[31] or '--',
'second_class_seat': data_list[30] or '--',
'senior_soft_sleep': data_list[21] or '--',
'soft_sleep': data_list[23] or '--',
'move_sleep': data_list[33] or '--',
'hard_sleep': data_list[28] or '--',
'soft_seat': data_list[24] or '--',
'hard_seat': data_list[29] or '--',
'no_seat': data_list[26] or '--',
}
# 判断是否需要显示
def need_show(self, data_list):
self.trips = data_list[3]
initial = self.trips[0].lower()
if 'a' in self.option:
return self.trips
else:
return(initial in self.option)
# 数据显示
def show_trian_data(self):
self.t_num = 0
for self.train in self.raw_trains:
self.data_list = self.train.split('|')
if self.need_show(self.data_list):
self.values_row = []
self.parsed_train_data = self.parse_trains_data(self.data_list)
self.values_row.append(self.headers[0] + self.parsed_train_data['trips'])
self.values_row.append(self.headers[1] + self.parsed_train_data['from_to_station_name'])
self.values_row.append(self.headers[2] + self.parsed_train_data['start_arrive_time'])
self.values_row.append(self.headers[3] + self.parsed_train_data['duration'])
self.values_row.append(self.headers[4] + self.parsed_train_data['business_premier_seat'])
self.values_row.append(self.headers[5] + self.parsed_train_data['first_class_seat'])
self.values_row.append(self.headers[6] + self.parsed_train_data['second_class_seat'])
self.values_row.append(self.headers[7] + self.parsed_train_data['senior_soft_sleep'])
self.values_row.append(self.headers[8] + self.parsed_train_data['soft_sleep'])
self.values_row.append(self.headers[9] + self.parsed_train_data['move_sleep'])
self.values_row.append(self.headers[10] + self.parsed_train_data['hard_sleep'])
self.values_row.append(self.headers[11] + self.parsed_train_data['soft_seat'])
self.values_row.append(self.headers[12] + self.parsed_train_data['hard_seat'])
self.values_row.append(self.headers[13] + self.parsed_train_data['no_seat'])
self.t_num += 1
txt_show_ticket.insert(END, '第%d班:' % self.t_num + '*'*80)
txt_show_ticket.insert(END, '\n')
txt_show_ticket.insert(END, self.values_row)
txt_show_ticket.insert(END, '\n')
# 车票查询
class Query_Ticket():
# 初始化
def __init__(self, txt_show_ticket, ticket_option, from_station, to_station, date):
# 请求地址的模板
self.url_template = (
'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query{}?leftTicketDTO.'
'train_date={}&'
'leftTicketDTO.from_station={}&'
'leftTicketDTO.to_station={}&'
'purpose_codes=ADULT'
)
self.ticket_option = ticket_option
self.from_station = from_station
self.to_station = to_station
self.date = date
# 获得请求地址
def request_url1(self):
return(self.url_template.format('A', self.date, self.from_station, self.to_station))
def request_url2(self):
return(self.url_template.format('Z', self.date, self.from_station, self.to_station))
# 查询车票
def query(self):
self.headers = {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3294.6 Safari/537.36'}
self.res = requests.get(self.request_url1(), headers=self.headers, verify=False)
try:
try:
self.trains = self.res.json()['data']['result']
except:
self.res = requests.get(self.request_url2(), headers=self.headers, verify=False)
self.trains = self.res.json()['data']['result']
Trains_Demo(txt_show_ticket, self.trains, self.ticket_option).show_trian_data()
except:
title = '提示'
message = '出了点小问题,请重新点击按钮!'
messagebox.showinfo(title, message)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 抢票部分
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 抢票
class Buy_Tickets(object):
# 初始化
def __init__(self, username, passwd, order, passengers, dtime, starts, ends):
self.url_template = (
'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query{}?leftTicketDTO.'
'train_date={}&'
'leftTicketDTO.from_station={}&'
'leftTicketDTO.to_station={}&'
'purpose_codes=ADULT'
)
self.username = username
self.passwd = passwd
# 日期
self.dtime = dtime
# 乘客名
self.passengers = passengers.split(',')
# 起始地和终点
self.starts = Station_Parse.parse_station().parse(starts)
self.ends = Station_Parse.parse_station().parse(ends)
if self.starts is None or self.ends is None:
self.title = '提示'
self.message = '请输入有效的车站名'
messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
# 车次
self.order = order
if self.order != '0':
self.order = self.order_transfer()
while(not self.order):
sleep(1)
self.order = self.order_transfer()
# 起始地和终点转为cookie值
self.starts = self.Get_Cookies()[0] + '%2C' + self.starts
self.ends = self.Get_Cookies()[1] + '%2C' + self.ends
self.login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init'
self.initMy_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306'
self.ticket_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init'
self.driver_name = 'chrome'
self.executable_path = 'D:\\Python35\\Scripts\\chromedriver.exe'
# 登录
def login(self):
self.driver.visit(self.login_url)
self.driver.fill('loginUserDTO.user_name', self.username)
self.driver.fill('userDTO.password', self.passwd)
self.title = '提示'
self.message = '请在自动打开的浏览器中输入验证码!'
messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
while True:
if self.driver.url != self.initMy_url:
sleep(1)
else:
break
# 车次转换
def order_transfer(self):
self.headers = {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3294.6 Safari/537.36'}
self.res = requests.get(self.url_template.format('A', self.dtime, self.starts, self.ends), headers=self.headers, verify=False)
try:
try:
self.trains = self.res.json()['data']['result']
except:
self.res = requests.get(self.url_template.format('Z', self.dtime, self.starts, self.ends), headers=self.headers, verify=False)
self.trains = self.res.json()['data']['result']
self.num = 0
for self.train in self.trains:
self.data_list = self.train.split('|')
if self.data_list[3] == self.order:
break
self.num += 1
if self.num == len(self.trains):
self.title = '提示'
self.message = '您输入的车次不存在,系统将自动选择任意车次!'
messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
self.num = '0'
return self.num
except:
title = '提示'
message = '因为网络原因正在重新尝试!'
messagebox.showinfo(title, message)
return None
# 中文转Unicode
def to_unicode(self, string):
self.uni = ''
for s in string:
self.uni += hex(ord(s)).upper().replace('0X', '%u')
return self.uni
# 将起始地和终点转化为相应的Cookies
def Get_Cookies(self):
return [self.to_unicode(self.starts), self.to_unicode(self.ends)]
# 买票
def start_buy(self):
self.driver = Browser(driver_name=self.driver_name, executable_path=self.executable_path)
self.driver.driver.set_window_size(700, 500)
self.login()
self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url)
try:
self.title = '提示'
self.message = '开始购票!'
messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
# 加载查询信息
self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromStation": self.starts})
self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_toStation": self.ends})
self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromDate": self.dtime})
self.driver.reload()
if self.order != '0':
while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url:
self.driver.find_by_text('查询').click()
# self.title = '提示'
# self.message = '开始尝试预订...'
# messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
try:
self.driver.find_by_text('预订')[self.order].click()
sleep(1.5)
except:
# self.title = '提示'
# self.message = '预订失败...'
# messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
continue
else:
while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url:
self.driver.find_by_text('查询').click()
# self.title = '提示'
# self.message = '开始尝试预订...'
# messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
try:
for i in self.driver.find_by_text('预订'):
i.click()
sleep(1)
except:
# self.title = '提示'
# self.message = '预订失败...'
# messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
continue
self.title = '提示'
self.message = '开始选择用户~~~'
messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
sleep(1)
for p in self.passengers:
self.driver.find_by_text(p).last.click()
sleep(0.5)
if p[-1] == ')':
self.driver.find_by_id('dialog_xsertcj_ok').click()
self.title = '提示'
self.message = '提交订单中...'
messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
sleep(1)
self.driver.find_by_id('submitOrder_id').click()
sleep(2)
self.title = '提示'
self.message = '确认选座中...'
messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
self.driver.find_by_id('qr_submit_id').click()
self.title = '提示'
self.message = '预订成功...'
messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
self.content = '恭喜您抢票成功,请在半小时内完成支付!!!'
_ = os.system('mshta vbscript:createobject("sapi.spvoice").speak("%s")(window.close)' % self.content)
except:
self.title = '提示'
self.message = '出现了一点小错误,可能是输入信息有误导致的...'
messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 界面部分
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 界面初始化
root = Tk()
root.title('火车票抢票系统V1.0')
root.resizable(False, False)
root.geometry('650x500+400+120')
# 设置背景图片
image_path = r'bg2_demo.png'
bg = Image.open(image_path)
bgimg = ImageTk.PhotoImage(bg)
lb_bgimg = Label(root, image=bgimg)
lb_bgimg.grid()
# 布局
# 查询功能
class Query_Thread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(Query_Thread, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.__running = threading.Event()
self.__running.set()
def run(self):
while self.__running.isSet():
global txt_show_ticket
self.ticket_option = str(en_option_var.get()).replace(' ', '')
self.from_station = str(en_starts_var.get()).replace(' ', '')
self.to_station = str(en_ends_var.get()).replace(' ', '')
self.date = str(en_date_var.get()).replace(' ', '')
self.from_station = Station_Parse.parse_station().parse(self.from_station)
self.to_station = Station_Parse.parse_station().parse(self.to_station)
if not self.ticket_option:
self.title = '提示'
self.message = '请输入有效的类型'
messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
self.__running.clear()
break
if self.from_station is None or self.to_station is None:
self.title = '提示'
self.message = '请输入有效的车站名'
messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
self.__running.clear()
break
if self.date:
if datetime.strptime(self.date, '%Y-%m-%d') < datetime.now():
self.title = '提示'
self.message = '请输入有效日期'
messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
self.__running.clear()
break
else:
title = '提示'
message = '请输入有效日期'
messagebox.showinfo(title, message)
self.__running.clear()
break
Query_Ticket(txt_show_ticket, self.ticket_option, self.from_station, self.to_station, self.date).query()
self.__running.clear()
# 查询回调函数
def bt_query_ticket():
t_Query = Query_Thread()
t_Query.start()
# 查询按钮
button_query = Button(root, text='查询', bd=5, width=10, height=2, command=bt_query_ticket, font=('楷体', 12), bg='skyblue')
button_query.place(relx=0.70, rely=0.12, anchor=CENTER)
# 抢票功能
class Buy_Thread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(Buy_Thread, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.__running = threading.Event()
self.__running.set()
def run(self):
while self.__running.isSet():
self.starts = str(en_starts_var.get()).replace(' ', '')
self.ends = str(en_ends_var.get()).replace(' ', '')
self.dtime = str(en_date_var.get()).replace(' ', '')
self.passengers = str(en_passengers_var.get()).replace(' ', '')
self.order = str(en_order_var.get()).replace(' ', '')
self.username = str(en_user_var.get()).replace(' ', '')
self.password = str(en_pwd_var.get()).replace(' ', '')
if self.dtime:
if datetime.strptime(self.dtime, '%Y-%m-%d') < datetime.now():
self.title = '提示'
self.message = '请输入有效日期'
messagebox.showinfo(self.title, self.message)
self.__running.clear()
break
else:
title = '提示'
message = '请输入有效日期'
messagebox.showinfo(title, message)
self.__running.clear()
break
if not self.username or not self.password:
title = '提示'
message = '请输入有效用户名和密码'
messagebox.showinfo(title, message)
self.__running.clear()
break
if not self.passengers:
title = '提示'
message = '请输入有效乘客名'
messagebox.showinfo(title, message)
self.__running.clear()
break
if not self.order:
title = '提示'
message = '请输入有效车次'
messagebox.showinfo(title, message)
self.__running.clear()
break
Buy_Tickets(self.username, self.password, self.order, self.passengers, self.dtime, self.starts, self.ends).start_buy()
self.__running.clear()
# 抢票回调函数
def bt_buy_ticket():
t_Buy = Buy_Thread()
t_Buy.start()
# 抢票按钮
button_buy = Button(root, text='抢票', bd=5, width=10, height=2, command=bt_buy_ticket, font=('楷体', 12), bg='skyblue')
button_buy.place(relx=0.90, rely=0.12, anchor=CENTER)
# 查询显示框
txt_show_ticket = Text(root, bd=4, width=90, height=28, font=('楷体', 10))
txt_show_ticket.bind("<KeyPress>", lambda e : "break")
txt_show_ticket.place(relx=0.50, rely=0.60, anchor=CENTER)
# 输入框
# 乘客名
en_passengers_var = StringVar()
lb_passengers = Label(root, text='乘客名:', font=('楷体', 12))
lb_passengers.place(relx=0.10, rely=0.05, anchor=CENTER)
en_passengers = Entry(root, textvariable=en_passengers_var, width=10)
en_passengers.place(relx=0.10, rely=0.10, anchor=CENTER)
# 出发地
en_starts_var = StringVar()
lb_starts = Label(root, text='出发地:', font=('楷体', 12))
lb_starts.place(relx=0.22, rely=0.05, anchor=CENTER)
en_starts = Entry(root, textvariable=en_starts_var, width=10)
en_starts.place(relx=0.22, rely=0.10, anchor=CENTER)
# 目的地
en_ends_var = StringVar()
lb_ends = Label(root, text='目的地:', font=('楷体', 12))
lb_ends.place(relx=0.34, rely=0.05, anchor=CENTER)
en_ends = Entry(root, textvariable=en_ends_var, width=10)
en_ends.place(relx=0.34, rely=0.10, anchor=CENTER)
# 日期
en_date_var = StringVar()
lb_date = Label(root, text='日期: ', font=('楷体', 12))
lb_date.place(relx=0.46, rely=0.05, anchor=CENTER)
en_date = Entry(root, textvariable=en_date_var, width=10)
en_date.place(relx=0.46, rely=0.10, anchor=CENTER)
# 类型(查询用)
en_option_var = StringVar()
lb_option = Label(root, text='类型(查询用):', font=('楷体', 10))
lb_option.place(relx=0.12, rely=0.15, anchor=CENTER)
en_option = Entry(root, textvariable=en_option_var, width=10)
en_option.place(relx=0.26, rely=0.15, anchor=CENTER)
# 车次(抢票用)
en_order_var = StringVar()
lb_order = Label(root, text='车次(抢票用):', font=('楷体', 10))
lb_order.place(relx=0.40, rely=0.15, anchor=CENTER)
en_order = Entry(root, textvariable=en_order_var, width=10)
en_order.place(relx=0.54, rely=0.15, anchor=CENTER)
# 用户名(抢票用)
en_user_var = StringVar()
lb_user = Label(root, text='用户名(抢票):', font=('楷体', 10))
lb_user.place(relx=0.12, rely=0.20, anchor=CENTER)
en_user = Entry(root, textvariable=en_user_var, width=10)
en_user.place(relx=0.26, rely=0.20, anchor=CENTER)
# 密码(抢票用)
en_pwd_var = StringVar()
lb_pwd = Label(root, text='密码(抢票): ', font=('楷体', 10))
lb_pwd.place(relx=0.40, rely=0.20, anchor=CENTER)
en_pwd = Entry(root, textvariable=en_pwd_var, show='*', width=10)
en_pwd.place(relx=0.54, rely=0.20, anchor=CENTER)
root.mainloop()
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------