Android应用的所有UI组件都继承了View类;
View类有一个重要的子类ViewGroup;
用编程的方式开发UI界面:
package com.example.ui01;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;
import java.util.Date;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//线性布局管理器
LinearLayout linearLayout = new LinearLayout(this);
//令本Activity显示本布局管理器
super.setContentView(linearLayout);
//竖屏显示
linearLayout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
//创建一个TextView
TextView textView = new TextView(this);
//创建按钮
Button button = new Button(this);
button.setText("点击");
//布局
button.setLayoutParams(new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
//添加TextView和Button
linearLayout.addView(textView);
linearLayout.addView(button);
//按钮绑定事件监听器
button.setOnClickListener((view -> {
textView.setText("Hello,现在是"+new Date());
}));
}
}
运行结果如下:
xml布局和代码混合控制UI界面
activity_main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/root"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
</LinearLayout>
MainActivity.java:
package com.example.ui02;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
//访问图片的数组
private int[] images = new int []{R.drawable.ic_baseline_360_24,R.drawable.ic_baseline_ac_unit_24};
private int currentImg = 0;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//获取布局容器
LinearLayout linearLayout = findViewById(R.id.root);
ImageView imageView = new ImageView(this);
linearLayout.addView(imageView);
//默认显示第一张图片
imageView.setImageResource(images[0]);
//切换图片
imageView.setOnClickListener((view -> {
imageView.setImageResource(images[++currentImg%images.length]);
}));
}
}
运行结果如下:
鼠标点击改变位置的小球
DrawView.java:
package com.example.ui03;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
public class DrawView extends View {
private float currentX = 40f;
private float currentY = 50f;
//创建画笔
private Paint p = new Paint();
public DrawView(Context context) {
super(context);
}
public DrawView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}
public void onDraw(Canvas canvas){
super.onDraw(canvas);
//画笔颜色
p.setColor(Color.RED);
//画圆
canvas.drawCircle(currentX,currentY,15F,p);
}
//触碰事件
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
//获取鼠标坐标
currentX=event.getX();
currentY=event.getY();
//重绘
invalidate();
return true;
}
}
方法一
MainActivity.java
package com.example.ui03;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//获取容器
LinearLayout root = findViewById(R.id.root);
//创建DrawView组件
DrawView drawView = new DrawView(this);
//自定义宽高
drawView.setMinimumHeight(500);
drawView.setMinimumWidth(300);
root.addView(drawView);
}
}
activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/root"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
</LinearLayout>
方法二
MainActivity.java
package com.example.ui03;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
}
activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/root"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<com.example.ui03.DrawView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>
运行结果如下:
布局
布局方式:
- 线性布局
- 表格布局
- 帧布局
- 绝对布局
- 约束布局
线性布局
MainActivity.java
package com.example.ui04;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Button;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private Button button1;
private Button button2;
private Button button3;
private Button button4;
private Button button5;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
button1=findViewById(R.id.bn1);
button2=findViewById(R.id.bn2);
button3=findViewById(R.id.bn3);
button4=findViewById(R.id.bn4);
button5=findViewById(R.id.bn5);
}
}
activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="right|center_horizontal">
<Button
android:id="@+id/bn1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="button1"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/bn2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="button2"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/bn3"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="button3"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/bn4"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="button4"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/bn5"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="button5"/>
</LinearLayout>
运行结果如下:
表格布局
activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TableLayout
android:id="@+id/Table1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:shrinkColumns="1"
android:stretchColumns="2">
<Button android:id="@+id/bn1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="表1,按钮1"/>
<TableRow>
<Button android:id="@+id/bn2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="表1,按钮2"/>
<Button android:id="@+id/bn3"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="表1,按钮3"/>
<Button android:id="@+id/bn4"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="表1,按钮4"/>
</TableRow>
</TableLayout>
<TableLayout
android:id="@+id/Table2"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:collapseColumns="1">
<Button android:id="@+id/bn5"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="表2,按钮1"/>
<TableRow>
<Button android:id="@+id/bn6"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="表2,按钮2"/>
<Button android:id="@+id/bn7"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="表2,按钮3"/>
<Button android:id="@+id/bn8"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="表2,按钮4"/>
</TableRow>
</TableLayout>
<TableLayout
android:id="@+id/Table3"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:stretchColumns="1,2">
<Button android:id="@+id/bn9"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="表3,按钮1"/>
<TableRow>
<Button android:id="@+id/bn10"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="表3,按钮2"/>
<Button android:id="@+id/bn11"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="表3,按钮3"/>
<Button android:id="@+id/bn12"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="表3,按钮4"/>
</TableRow>
<TableRow>
<Button android:id="@+id/bn13"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="表3,按钮5"/>
<Button android:id="@+id/bn14"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="表3,按钮6"/>
</TableRow>
</TableLayout>
</LinearLayout>
运行结果如下:
帧布局
MainActivity.java
package com.example.ui06;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.widget.TextView;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
int[] names=new int[]{R.id.view1,R.id.view2,R.id.view3,R.id.view4,R.id.view5,R.id.view6};
TextView[] views=new TextView[names.length];
class MyHandler extends Handler{
private WeakReference<MainActivity> activity;
public MyHandler(WeakReference<MainActivity> activity){
this.activity=activity;
}
private int currentColor=0;
int[] colors=new int[]{R.color.black,R.color.purple_200,R.color.teal_200,R.color.purple_500,R.color.purple_700,R.color.teal_700};
@Override
public void handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
//消息来自本程序
if(msg.what==0x123){
for (int i = 0,len=activity.get().names.length; i < len; i++) {
activity.get().views[i].setBackgroundResource(colors[(i+currentColor)%colors.length]);
}
currentColor++;
}
super.handleMessage(msg);
}
}
private MyHandler myHandler = new MyHandler(new WeakReference<>(this));
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
views[i]=findViewById(names[i]);
}
//线程,周期改变currentColor的值
new Timer().schedule(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
//发送消息通知改变颜色
myHandler.sendEmptyMessage(0x123);
}
},0,200);
}
}
activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/view1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:width="320dp"
android:height="320dp"
android:background="#f00"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/view2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:width="280dp"
android:height="280dp"
android:background="#0f0"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/view3"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:width="240dp"
android:height="240dp"
android:background="#00f"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/view4"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:width="200dp"
android:height="200dp"
android:background="#ff0"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/view5"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:width="160dp"
android:height="160dp"
android:background="#f0f"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/view6"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:width="120dp"
android:height="120dp"
android:background="#0ff"/>
</FrameLayout>
运行结果如下
约束布局
activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Hello World!"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.0"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.088" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
android:layout_marginEnd="10dp"
android:text="Button"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/textView"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/textView"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
app:layout_constraintGuide_begin="73dp" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Barrier
android:id="@+id/barrier2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:barrierDirection="left" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Barrier
android:id="@+id/barrier3"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:barrierDirection="top" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
运行结果如下