CoreData的使用

Core Data是iOS5之后才出现的一个框架，它提供了对象-关系映射(ORM)的功能，即能够将OC对象转化成数据，保在SQLite数据库文件中，也能够将保存在数据库中的数据还原成OC对象。在此数据操作期间，我们不需要编写任何SQL语句

CoreData的使用步骤

1. 创建模型文 件 相当于数据库

2 . 添加实体 相当表

3 . 创建实体类 相于模型类

4 . 生成 上下文 关联模型文件生成数据库

5 . 保存对象到数据库

6 . 从数据库获取对象

7 . 更新数据

8 . 删除数据

1、创建模型文件：（相当于数据库）

2、添加实体（相当于表）

3、创建实体类（相当于模型类）

4、生成上下文 关联模型文件生成数据库

<span style="font-size:18px;">// 1.上下文 关联Company.xcdatamodeld 模型文件
    NSManagedObjectContext *context = [[NSManagedObjectContext alloc] init];
    
    // 关联模型文件
    
    // 创建一个模型对象
    // 传一个nil 会把 bundle下的所有模型文件 关联起来
    NSManagedObjectModel *model = [NSManagedObjectModel mergedModelFromBundles:nil];
    
    // 创建一个持久化存储调度器
    NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *store = [[NSPersistentStoreCoordinator alloc] initWithManagedObjectModel:model];
    
   
    // 存储数据库的名字
    NSError *error = nil;
    
    // 获取docment目录
    NSString *doc = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
    
    // 数据库保存的路径（拼接路径）
    NSString *sqlitePath = [doc stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"company.sqlite"];
    
    [store addPersistentStoreWithType:NSSQLiteStoreType configuration:nil URL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:sqlitePath] options:nil error:&error];
    
    // 上下文的持久化存储调度器赋值
    context.persistentStoreCoordinator = store;
    
    self.context = context;</span><span style="color:#4f81bd;font-size:24px;">
</span>

增、删、改、查

增：

#pragma mark 添加员工信息
- (IBAction)addEmployee:(id)sender {
    
    // 创建员工
    Employee *emp1 = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Employee" inManagedObjectContext:self.context];
    
    // 设置员工属性
    emp1.name = @"lisi";
    emp1.age = @28;
    emp1.height = @2.10;
    
    //保存 - 通过上下文操作
    NSError *error = nil;
    [self.context save:&error];
    if (!error) {
        NSLog(@"success");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"%@",error);
    }
}

查：

#pragma mark 读取员工信息
- (IBAction)readEmployee:(id)sender {
    
    //创建一个请求对象 （填入要查询的表名-实体类）
    NSFetchRequest *request = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName:@"Employee"];
    
    // 过滤查询
    // 查找张三 并且身高大于1.8
//    NSPredicate *pre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name=%@ AND height > %@",@"zhangsan",@(1.8)];
//    request.predicate = pre;
    
    //排序 以身高进行升序
//    NSSortDescriptor *sort = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"height" ascending:NO];
//    request.sortDescriptors = @[sort];
    
    // 分页查询 总共13条数据 每页显示5条数据
    //第一页的数据
    request.fetchLimit = 5;
    request.fetchOffset = 10;
    
    
    //读取信息
    NSError *error = nil;
    NSArray *emps = [self.context executeFetchRequest:request error:&error];
    if (!error) {
        NSLog(@"emps: %@",emps);
        for (Employee *emp in emps) {
            NSLog(@"%@ %@ %@",emp.name,emp.age,emp.height);
        }
    }else{
        NSLog(@"%@",error);
    }
}

#pragma mark 模糊查询
- (IBAction)likeSearcher:(id)sender {
    
    // 查询
    NSFetchRequest *request = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName:@"Employee"];
    
    // 过滤
    // 1.查询以wang开头员工
    //NSPredicate *pre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name BEGINSWITH %@",@"wang"];
    
    // 2.以si 结尾
    //NSPredicate *pre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name ENDSWITH %@",@"si"];
    
    // 3.名字包含 g
    //NSPredicate *pre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name CONTAINS %@",@"g"];
    
    // 4.like 以si结尾
    NSPredicate *pre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name like %@",@"li*"];
    request.predicate = pre;
    
    //读取信息
    NSError *error = nil;
    NSArray *emps = [self.context executeFetchRequest:request error:&error];
    if (!error) {
        NSLog(@"emps: %@",emps);
        for (Employee *emp in emps) {
            NSLog(@"%@ %@ %@",emp.name,emp.age,emp.height);
        }
    }else{
        NSLog(@"%@",error);
    }
  
}

改：

#pragma mark 更新员工信息
- (IBAction)updateEmployee:(id)sender {
    
    // 把wangwu的身高更改成 1.7
    // 1.查找wangwu
    NSArray *emps = [self findEmployeeWithName:@"wangwu"];
    
    // 2.更新身高
    if (emps.count == 1) {
        Employee *emp = emps[0];
        emp.height = @1.7;
    }
    
    // 3.同步（保存）到数据
    [self.context save:nil];
}

-(NSArray *)findEmployeeWithName:(NSString *)name{
    // 1.查找员工
    NSFetchRequest *request = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName:@"Employee"];
    
    NSPredicate *pre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name=%@",name];
    request.predicate = pre;
    
    
    return [self.context executeFetchRequest:request error:nil];
    
}

删：

#pragma mark 删除员工
- (IBAction)deleteEmployee:(id)sender {
    [self deleteEmployeeWithName:@"lisi"];
}

-(void)deleteEmployeeWithName:(NSString *)name{
    // 删除zhangsan
    // 1.查找到zhangsan
    NSFetchRequest *request = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName:@"Employee"];
    
    NSPredicate *pre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name=%@",name];
    request.predicate = pre;
    
    // 2.删除zhangsan
    NSArray *emps = [self.context executeFetchRequest:request error:nil];
    
    for (Employee *emp in emps) {
        NSLog(@"删除员工的人 %@",emp.name);
        [self.context deleteObject:emp];
    }
    
    // 3.用context同步下数据库
    //所有的操作暂时都是在内存里，调用save 同步数据库
    [self.context save:nil];
}

多表关联：

增删改查：

增：

#pragma mark 添加员工信息
- (IBAction)addEmployee:(id)sender {
    
    // 创建员工
    // 1.添加zhangsan 属于ios部门
    Employee *emp1 = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Employee" inManagedObjectContext:self.context];
    emp1.name = @"zhangsan";
    emp1.height = @1.7;
    emp1.age = @27;
    
    // 创建ios部门
    Department *dep1 = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Department" inManagedObjectContext:self.context];
    dep1.name = @"ios";
    dep1.createDate = [NSDate date];
    dep1.departNo = @"D001";
    
    
    emp1.depart = dep1;
    
    
    
    // 2.添加lisi 属于android 部门
    Employee *emp2 = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Employee" inManagedObjectContext:self.context];
    emp2.name = @"lisi";
    emp2.height = @1.7;
    emp2.age = @27;
    
    // 创建android部门
    Department *dep2 = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Department" inManagedObjectContext:self.context];
    dep2.name = @"android";
    dep2.createDate = [NSDate date];
    dep2.departNo = @"D002";
    
    
    emp2.depart = dep2;
    
    
    //一次保存
    [self.context save:nil];
    
}

查：

#pragma mark 读取员工信息
- (IBAction)readEmployee:(id)sender {
    
    //查找ios部门的员工
    NSFetchRequest *request = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName:@"Employee"];
    
    // 过滤查询
    NSPredicate *pre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"depart.name = %@",@"ios"];
    request.predicate = pre;

    
    
    //读取信息
    NSError *error = nil;
    NSArray *emps = [self.context executeFetchRequest:request error:&error];
    if (!error) {
        NSLog(@"emps: %@",emps);
        for (Employee *emp in emps) {
            NSLog(@"name:%@ departName:%@ ",emp.name,emp.depart.name);
        }
    }else{
        NSLog(@"%@",error);
    }
}

#pragma mark 模糊查询
- (IBAction)likeSearcher:(id)sender {
    
    // 查询
    NSFetchRequest *request = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName:@"Employee"];
    
    // 过滤
    // 1.查询以wang开头员工
    //NSPredicate *pre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name BEGINSWITH %@",@"wang"];
    
    // 2.以si 结尾
    //NSPredicate *pre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name ENDSWITH %@",@"si"];
    
    // 3.名字包含 g
    //NSPredicate *pre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name CONTAINS %@",@"g"];
    
    // 4.like 以si结尾
    NSPredicate *pre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name like %@",@"li*"];
    request.predicate = pre;
    
    //读取信息
    NSError *error = nil;
    NSArray *emps = [self.context executeFetchRequest:request error:&error];
    if (!error) {
        NSLog(@"emps: %@",emps);
        for (Employee *emp in emps) {
            NSLog(@"%@ %@ %@",emp.name,emp.age,emp.height);
        }
    }else{
        NSLog(@"%@",error);
    }
  
}

改：

#pragma mark 更新员工信息
- (IBAction)updateEmployee:(id)sender {
    
    // 把wangwu的身高更改成 1.7
    // 1.查找wangwu
    NSArray *emps = [self findEmployeeWithName:@"wangwu"];
    
    // 2.更新身高
    if (emps.count == 1) {
        Employee *emp = emps[0];
        emp.height = @1.7;
    }
    
    // 3.同步（保存）到数据
    [self.context save:nil];
}

-(NSArray *)findEmployeeWithName:(NSString *)name{
    // 1.查找员工
    NSFetchRequest *request = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName:@"Employee"];
    
    NSPredicate *pre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name=%@",name];
    request.predicate = pre;
    
    
    return [self.context executeFetchRequest:request error:nil];
    
}

删：

#pragma mark 删除员工
- (IBAction)deleteEmployee:(id)sender {
    [self deleteEmployeeWithName:@"lisi"];
}

-(void)deleteEmployeeWithName:(NSString *)name{
    // 删除zhangsan
    // 1.查找到zhangsan
    NSFetchRequest *request = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName:@"Employee"];
    
    NSPredicate *pre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name=%@",name];
    request.predicate = pre;
    
    // 2.删除zhangsan
    NSArray *emps = [self.context executeFetchRequest:request error:nil];
    
    for (Employee *emp in emps) {
        NSLog(@"删除员工的人 %@",emp.name);
        [self.context deleteObject:emp];
    }
    
    // 3.用context同步下数据库
    //所有的操作暂时都是在内存里，调用save 同步数据库
    [self.context save:nil];
}

多个数据库：

     

一个上下文只能关联一个数据库，所以需要创建两个上下文

<span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">- (void)viewDidLoad {</span>

    [super viewDidLoad];
    //创建company上下文
    self.companyContext = [self setupContextWithModelName:@"Company"];
    
    
    //创建weibo上下文
    self.weiboContext = [self setupContextWithModelName:@"Weibo"];
   
}

/**
 *  根据模型文件名 返回上下文
 */
-(NSManagedObjectContext *)setupContextWithModelName:(NSString *)modelName{
    
    // 1.上下文 关联Company.xcdatamodeld 模型文件
    NSManagedObjectContext *context = [[NSManagedObjectContext alloc] init];
    
    // 关联模型文件
    
    // 创建一个模型对象
    // 传一个nil 会把 bundle下的所有模型文件 关联起来
    // 查找model文件的URL
    NSURL *modelURL = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:modelName withExtension:@"momd"];
    NSManagedObjectModel *model = [[NSManagedObjectModel alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:modelURL];
    
    // 持久化存储调度器
    NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *store = [[NSPersistentStoreCoordinator alloc] initWithManagedObjectModel:model];
    
    // 存储数据库的名字
    NSError *error = nil;
    
    // 获取docment目录
    NSString *doc = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
    
    // 数据库保存的路径
    NSString *sqlitePath = [doc stringByAppendingFormat:@"/%@.slqite",modelName];
    
    [store addPersistentStoreWithType:NSSQLiteStoreType configuration:nil URL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:sqlitePath] options:nil error:&error];
    
    context.persistentStoreCoordinator = store;
    
    return context;
}

#pragma mark 添加员工和微博信息信息
- (IBAction)addEmployee:(id)sender {
    //创建员工
    Employee *emp = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Employee" inManagedObjectContext:self.companyContext];
    emp.name = @"zhangsan";
    emp.height = @1.8;
    emp.age = @25;
    
    [self.companyContext save:nil];
    
    //创建微博
    Status *sts = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Status" inManagedObjectContext:self.weiboContext];
    
    sts.text = @"祝愿大家找到好工作";
    sts.author = @"gzios 1期";
    sts.createDate = [NSDate date];
    [self.weiboContext save:nil];

}

sqlite 和 CoreData 对比

 sqlite 是纯c语言存储数据方式

 coredata 也是对sqlite的封装 ，它数据的保存直接使用对象，不用再写sql语句

 sqlite 性能优于 coredata

•什么时候使用sqlite 什么时候使用CoreData

 "Coredata功能不是很强大

 如果你的数据库表关联大复杂 三四张表都关联 -sqlite

 如果数据表结构比较简单 就只有两三张，这些表没有关联关系 coreData