因为公司一直都是做C++开发的,因客户需要要提供C#版本接口,研究了一下C#,发现其强大简洁, 在跨语言调用方面封装的很彻底,提供了强大的API与之交互.这点比JNA方便多了. Java与C#都只能调用C格式导出动态库,因为C数据类型比较单一,容易映射. 两者都是在本地端提供一套与之映射的C#/java描述接口,通过底层处理这种映射关系达到调用的目的.
一. 结构体的传递
- #define JNAAPI extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) //C方式导出函数
- typedef struct
- {
- int osVersion;
- int majorVersion;
- int minorVersion;
- int buildNum;
- int platFormId;
- char szVersion[128];
- }OSINFO;
- // 1. 获取版本信息(传递结构体指针)
- JNAAPI bool GetVersionPtr( OSINFO *info );
- // 2.获取版本信息(传递结构体引用)
- JNAAPI bool GetVersionRef(OSINFO &info);
#define JNAAPI extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) //C方式导出函数
typedef struct
{
int osVersion;
int majorVersion;
int minorVersion;
int buildNum;
int platFormId;
char szVersion[128];
}OSINFO;
// 1. 获取版本信息(传递结构体指针)
JNAAPI bool GetVersionPtr( OSINFO *info );
// 2.获取版本信息(传递结构体引用)
JNAAPI bool GetVersionRef(OSINFO &info);
可以通过二种方式来调用:
- // OSINFO定义
- [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
- public struct OSINFO
- {
- public int osVersion;
- public int majorVersion;
- public int minorVersion;
- public int buildNum;
- public int platFormId;
- [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)]
- public string szVersion;
- }
// OSINFO定义 [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct OSINFO { public int osVersion; public int majorVersion; public int minorVersion; public int buildNum; public int platFormId; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)] public string szVersion; }
1. 方式一(传入结构体引用),在C#中,结构体是以传值方式传递,类才是以传地址方式传递,加关键字ref即可. C端传递了两种不同类型的参数,都可以通过引用来解决.
- [DllImport("jnalib.dll", EntryPoint = "GetVersionPtr")]
- public static extern bool GetVersionPtr(ref OSINFO info);
- public static extern bool GetVersionRef(ref OSINFO info);
[DllImport("jnalib.dll", EntryPoint = "GetVersionPtr")] public static extern bool GetVersionPtr(ref OSINFO info); public static extern bool GetVersionRef(ref OSINFO info);
2. 方式二(传入IntPtr(平台通用指针))
- IntPtr pv = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(148); //结构体在使用时一定要分配空间(4*sizeof(int)+128)
- Marshal.WriteInt32(pv,148); //向内存块里写入数值
- if (GetVersionPtr(pv)) //直接以非托管内存块地址为参数
- {
- Console.WriteLine("--osVersion:{0}", Marshal.ReadInt32(pv, 0));
- Console.WriteLine("--Major:{0}",Marshal.ReadInt32(pv, 4)); //移动4个字节
- Console.WriteLine("--BuildNum: " + Marshal.ReadInt32(pv, 12));
- Console.WriteLine("--szVersion: "+Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)(pv.ToInt32()+20)));
- }
- Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pv); //处理完记得释放内存
IntPtr pv = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(148); //结构体在使用时一定要分配空间(4*sizeof(int)+128)
Marshal.WriteInt32(pv,148); //向内存块里写入数值
if (GetVersionPtr(pv)) //直接以非托管内存块地址为参数
{
Console.WriteLine("--osVersion:{0}", Marshal.ReadInt32(pv, 0));
Console.WriteLine("--Major:{0}",Marshal.ReadInt32(pv, 4)); //移动4个字节
Console.WriteLine("--BuildNum: " + Marshal.ReadInt32(pv, 12));
Console.WriteLine("--szVersion: "+Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)(pv.ToInt32()+20)));
}
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pv); //处理完记得释放内存
二.结构体数组的传递:
- // 传递结构体指针
- JNAAPI bool GetVersionArray(OSINFO *info,int nLen);
// 传递结构体指针
JNAAPI bool GetVersionArray(OSINFO *info,int nLen);
调用代码:
- /**
- * C#接口,对于包含数组类型,只能传递IntPtr
- */
- [DllImport("jnalib.dll", EntryPoint = "GetVersionArray")]
- public static extern bool GetVersionArray(IntPtr p, int nLen);
- // 源目标参数
- OSINFO[] infos = new OSINFO[2];
- for (int i = 0; i < infos.Length; i++)
- {
- infos[i] = new OSINFO();
- }
- IntPtr[] ptArr = new IntPtr[1];
- ptArr[0] = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSINFO)) * 2); //分配包含两个元素的数组
- IntPtr pt = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSINFO)));
- Marshal.Copy(ptArr, 0, pt, 1); //拷贝指针数组
- GetVersionArray(pt, 2); //调用
- //还原成结构体数组
- for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
- {
- infos[i]=(OSINFO)Marshal.PtrToStructure((IntPtr)(pt.ToInt32()+i*Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSINFO))),typeof(OSINFO));
- Console.WriteLine("OsVersion:{0} szVersion:{1}", infos[i].osVersion, infos[i].szVersion);
- }
/** * C#接口,对于包含数组类型,只能传递IntPtr */ [DllImport("jnalib.dll", EntryPoint = "GetVersionArray")] public static extern bool GetVersionArray(IntPtr p, int nLen); // 源目标参数 OSINFO[] infos = new OSINFO[2]; for (int i = 0; i < infos.Length; i++) { infos[i] = new OSINFO(); } IntPtr[] ptArr = new IntPtr[1]; ptArr[0] = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSINFO)) * 2); //分配包含两个元素的数组 IntPtr pt = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSINFO))); Marshal.Copy(ptArr, 0, pt, 1); //拷贝指针数组 GetVersionArray(pt, 2); //调用 //还原成结构体数组 for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { infos[i]=(OSINFO)Marshal.PtrToStructure((IntPtr)(pt.ToInt32()+i*Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSINFO))),typeof(OSINFO)); Console.WriteLine("OsVersion:{0} szVersion:{1}", infos[i].osVersion, infos[i].szVersion); }
三. 复杂结构体的传递
- typedef struct
- {
- char name[20];
- int age;
- double scores[30];
- }Student;
- // Class中包含结构体数组类型
- typedef struct
- {
- int number;
- Student students[50];
- }Class;
- // 传入复杂结构体测试
- JNAAPI int GetClass(Class *pClass,int len);
typedef struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
double scores[30];
}Student;
// Class中包含结构体数组类型
typedef struct
{
int number;
Student students[50];
}Class;
// 传入复杂结构体测试
JNAAPI int GetClass(Class *pClass,int len);
- // 接口定义
- [DllImport("jnalib.dll", EntryPoint = "GetClass")]
- public static extern int GetClass(IntPtr pv,int len);
- // 结构体定义
- //Student
- [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
- public struct Student
- {
- [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr,SizeConst=20)]
- public string name;
- public int age;
- [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 30)]
- public double[] scores;
- }
- //Class
- [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
- public struct Class
- {
- public int number;
- [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 50)]
- public Student[] students; // 结构体数组定义
- }
- // 调用复杂结构体测试
- int size = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Class)) * 50;
- IntPtr pBuff = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size); //直接分配50个元素的空间,比Marshal.copy方便多了
- GetClass(pBuff, 50);
- Class[] pClass = new Class[50];
- for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++)
- {
- IntPtr ptr = new IntPtr(pBuff.ToInt64() + Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Class)) * i);
- pClass[i] = (Class)Marshal.PtrToStructure(ptr, typeof(Class));
- }
- Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pBuff); //释放内存