餐馆那些事之：Visitor Pattern

1. 概述
Visitor Pattern本质上是通过方法和数据分离，从而实现：
1）在不影响现有数据结构的情况下，添加新的方法
2）双分派（在选择一个方法的时候，不仅仅要根据消息接收者的运行时类型，还要根据参数的运行时类型）
3）Recovering lost type information（一个很好的例子： http://sourcemaking.com/design_patterns/visitor/cpp/3）
Visitor Pattern不适用于那些类结构不稳定的case，因为，Object增加一个子类，Visitor及其子类都有增加一个方法。
类图：

2. 实例
餐馆里厨师做菜，服务员负责提供服务，给他们新加一个责任，每次干完活后，做下大扫除
代码：

#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  

//Object
class Employee
{
public:
        virtual ~Employee()
        {
        }

        virtual void accept(class Visitor*) = 0;
};

//Concrete_object_1
class Waiter : public Employee
{
public:
        void accept(Visitor*);
        void provide_service()
        {
                cout << "Waiter provide service" << endl;
        }
};

//Concrete_object_2
class Cook : public Employee
{
public:
        void accept(Visitor*);
        void do_the_cooking()
        {
                cout << "Cook do the cooking" << endl;
        }
};

//Visitor
class Visitor
{
public:
        virtual void visit(Waiter*) = 0;
        virtual void visit(Cook*) = 0;
};

//Concrete_visitor_1
class Clean_visitor : public Visitor
{
public:
        void visit(Waiter* waiter)
        {
                waiter->provide_service();
                cout << "Waiter do some cleaning" << endl;
        }

        void visit(Cook* cook)
        {
                cook->do_the_cooking();
                cout << "Cook do some cleaning" << endl;
        }
};

void Waiter::accept(Visitor* visitor)
{
        visitor->visit(this);
}

void Cook::accept(Visitor* visitor)
{
        visitor->visit(this);
}

int main()
{
        Employee* cook = new Cook;
        Employee* waiter = new Waiter;

        Clean_visitor clean;
        cook->accept(&clean);
        waiter->accept(&clean);

        delete cook;
        delete waiter;

        return 0;
}

运行输出：
Cook do the cooking
Cook do some cleaning
Waiter provide service
Waiter do some cleaning