Python知识分享：pymysql批量更新踩坑

前言

最近捣鼓项目时，pymysql用executemany方法批量更新大量数据过程中，对处理时长有点不满意，于是看了下源代码，发现里面实现批量update居然是循环去execute的，吃鲸。数据少其实没多大影响，如果大量数据批量执行，那数据库压力可想而知，难怪速度提不上来；于是乎，请教了下万能的百度，得到一个还算可以的解决方案–【创建临时表实现批量更新】，以下就原方法和新实现的方法写个示例做个对比。

先来看下pymysql的源码（cursors.py）

#: Regular expression for :meth:`Cursor.executemany`.
#: executemany only supports simple bulk insert.
#: You can use it to load large dataset.
RE_INSERT_VALUES = re.compile(
    r"\s*((?:INSERT|REPLACE)\b.+\bVALUES?\s*)"
    + r"(\(\s*(?:%s|%\(.+\)s)\s*(?:,\s*(?:%s|%\(.+\)s)\s*)*\))"
    + r"(\s*(?:ON DUPLICATE.*)?);?\s*\Z",
    re.IGNORECASE | re.DOTALL,
)
def executemany(self, query, args):
    if not args:
        return
    m = RE_INSERT_VALUES.match(query)
    if m:
        q_prefix = m.group(1) % ()
        q_values = m.group(2).rstrip()
        q_postfix = m.group(3) or ""
        assert q_values[0] == "(" and q_values[-1] == ")"
        return self._do_execute_many(
            q_prefix,
            q_values,
            q_postfix,
            args,
            self.max_stmt_length,
            self._get_db().encoding,
        )

    self.rowcount = sum(self.execute(query, arg) for arg in args)
    return self.rowcount

可以看到，executemany 只针对 INSERT|REPLACE、ON DUPLICATE 这些才能实现真正批量，而对于单纯的批量update 只能循环execute

准备

pip install pymysql

连接数据库

from typing import List
import pymysql
import time
from pymysql.cursors import DictCursor


dbconfig = {
    "host": "127.0.0.1",
    "user": "root",
    "password": "123456",
    "db": "testdb"
}

# 创建连接
conn = pymysql.connect(**dbconfig)

value = []
# 以4000条数据为例
for i in range(4000):
    value.append((str(i)+"name", str(i)+"ip", i))

executemany实现批量更新

# 批量更新
def updatemany(value:List):
    start_time = time.time()

    with conn.cursor(DictCursor) as cursor:
        sql = "UPDATE log SET name=%s,ip=%s WHERE id=%s"
        cursor.executemany(sql, value)
        conn.commit()

    end_time = time.time()
    print(f"【executemany】批量更新:用时{end_time-start_time}")
    
updatemany(value)

创建临时表 实现批量更新

# 批量更新（创建临时表更新）
def updatemanytemp(value:List):
    start_time = time.time()

    with conn.cursor(DictCursor) as cursor:
        # 创建临时表
        sql_temp = """
        CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE log_temp SELECT id,name,ip FROM log LIMIT 0
        """
        # 插入数据到临时表
        sql_insert = """
        INSERT INTO log_temp (name,ip,id)  VALUES (%s, %s, %s)
        """
        # 连表更新正式表
        sql_update = """
        UPDATE log, log_temp SET log.name=log_temp.name,log.ip=log_temp.ip WHERE log.id=log_temp.id
        """

        # 执行sql语句
        cursor.execute(sql_temp)
        cursor.executemany(sql_insert, value)
        cursor.execute(sql_update)
        conn.commit()


    end_time = time.time()
    print(f"【创建临时表 】批量更新:用时{end_time-start_time}")

updatemanytemp(value)

结果

从上图看到，2者相差10倍左右。这次示例的数据表只有3个字段4000条数据，所以这点时间看不出有多大影响，如果字段更多数据量更大，时间可能就不止相差这点了

最后

把方法写得通用一点，直接传递表名和参数即可，方便照搬

from typing import List
import pymysql
import time
from pymysql.cursors import DictCursor


dbconfig = {
    "host": "127.0.0.1",
    "user": "root",
    "password": "123456",
    "db": "testdb"
}

header = ["name","ip"] 
where = ["id"]
value = []
for i in range(4000):
    value.append((str(i)+"name", str(i)+"ip", i))

# 创建连接
conn = pymysql.connect(**dbconfig)


# 批量更新
def updatemany(table:str, header:List, where:List, value:List):
    start_time = time.time()

    with conn.cursor(DictCursor) as cursor:
        # 拼接set语句
        set_str = ",".join([f"{sql}=%s" for sql in header])
        # 拼接where条件
        where_str = " AND ".join([f"{sql}=%s" for sql in where])
        # 拼接整个sql语句
        sql = f"UPDATE {table} SET {set_str} WHERE {where_str}"

        # 执行sql语句
        cursor.executemany(sql, value)
        conn.commit()

    end_time = time.time()
    print(f"【executemany】批量更新:用时{end_time-start_time}")


# 批量更新（创建临时表更新）
def updatemanytemp(table:str, header:List, where:List, value:List):
    start_time = time.time()

    with conn.cursor(DictCursor) as cursor:
        # 拼接set语句
        set_str = ",".join([f"{table}.{sql}={table}_temp.{sql}" for sql in header])
        # 拼接where条件
        where_str = " AND ".join([f"{table}.{sql}={table}_temp.{sql}" for sql in where])
        # 拼接整个sql语句

        # 创建临时表
        sql_temp = f"""
        CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE {table}_temp SELECT {','.join(where + header)} FROM {table} LIMIT 0
        """
        # 插入数据到临时表
        sql_insert = f"""
        INSERT INTO {table}_temp ({','.join(header + where)})  VALUES {','.join([str(v) for v in value])}
        """
        # 连表更新正式表
        sql_update = f"""
        UPDATE {table}, {table}_temp SET {set_str} WHERE {where_str}
        """

        # 执行sql语句
        cursor.execute(sql_temp)
        cursor.execute(sql_insert)
        cursor.execute(sql_update)
        conn.commit()

    end_time = time.time()
    print(f"【创建临时表 】批量更新:用时{end_time-start_time}")

updatemanytemp("log", header, where, value)
updatemany("log", header, where, value)