pytorch入门（一）：numpy与pytorch

torch与numpy有不少相似之处，可看作gpu版本的numpy

代码

import numpy as np
import torch

1、创建

arange

print(np.arange(6))
print(torch.arange(6))

结果

[0 1 2 3 4 5]
tensor([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

2、形状

改变形状

a = np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
print(a.shape)
b = torch.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
print(b.shape)

结果

(2, 3)
torch.Size([2, 3])

3、矩阵乘法

代码

print(a.dot(a.T))
print(np.matmul(a, a.T))
print(torch.mm(b, b.T))

结果

[[ 5 14]
 [14 50]]
[[ 5 14]
 [14 50]]
tensor([[ 5, 14],
        [14, 50]])

4、转化

张量=>数组，数组=>张量

print(torch.from_numpy(a))
print(b.numpy())

结果

tensor([[0, 1, 2],
        [3, 4, 5]], dtype=torch.int32)
[[0 1 2]
 [3 4 5]]

5、向量运算

向量加、减和数乘。

a = np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
print(a + 10)
b = torch.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
print(b + 10)

结果

[[10 11 12]
 [13 14 15]]
tensor([[10, 11, 12],
        [13, 14, 15]]) 

6、升维

增加维度

print(a[None].shape)
print(a[:, None].shape)
print(a[:, :, None].shape)

for i in range(3):
    print(b.unsqueeze(i).shape)

结果

(1, 2, 3)
(2, 1, 3)
(2, 3, 1)
torch.Size([1, 2, 3])
torch.Size([2, 1, 3])
torch.Size([2, 3, 1]) 

7、降维

代码

a = np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
b = torch.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)

print(a[None].shape)
print(a[None].squeeze().shape)

print(a[:, None].shape)
print(a[:, None].squeeze(1).shape)

print(a[:, :, None].shape)
print(a[:, :, None].squeeze(2).shape)

for i in range(3):
    print(b.unsqueeze(i).shape)
    print(b.unsqueeze(i).squeeze(i).shape)

结果

(1, 2, 3)
(2, 3)
(2, 1, 3)
(2, 3)
(2, 3, 1)
(2, 3)
torch.Size([1, 2, 3])
torch.Size([2, 3])
torch.Size([2, 1, 3])
torch.Size([2, 3])
torch.Size([2, 3, 1])
torch.Size([2, 3]) 

8、随机数种子

生成相同的随机数

np.random.seed(1)
print(np.random.rand(1))
np.random.seed(1)
print(np.random.rand(1))

torch.manual_seed(1)
print(torch.rand(1))
torch.manual_seed(1)
print(torch.rand(1))

结果

[0.417022]
[0.417022]
tensor([0.7576])
tensor([0.7576])

9、正态分布随机数

常用分布随机数

print(np.random.randn(1))
print(torch.randn(1))

print(np.random.normal(0,1,[2]))
print(torch.normal(0,1,[2]))

结果

[-1.65451545]
tensor([0.1584])
[-2.3634686   1.13534535]
tensor([-0.6617, -0.0426])

10、随机整数

代码

print(np.random.randint(5,size=[2,3]))
print(torch.randint(5,size=[2,3]))

结果

[[2 4 3]
 [4 2 4]]
tensor([[3, 3, 0],
        [2, 1, 2]]) 

11、函数

向量版本的数学函数

print(np.sin([1,2,3]))
print(torch.sin(torch.Tensor([1,2,3])))

结果

[0.84147098 0.90929743 0.14112001]
tensor([0.8415, 0.9093, 0.1411])

12、求和

不同方向求和

a = np.arange(6).reshape(2,3)
print(a.sum(0))
print(a.sum(1))
print(a.sum())

b = torch.arange(6).reshape(2,3)
print(b.sum(0))
print(b.sum(1))
print(b.sum())

结果

[3 5 7]
[ 3 12]
15
tensor([3, 5, 7])
tensor([ 3, 12])
tensor(15)

13、点乘

对应元素相乘

a = np.arange(6).reshape(2,3)
print(a*a)
print(np.multiply(a,a))

b = torch.arange(6).reshape(2,3)
print(b*b)
print(torch.mul(b,b))

结果

[0.417022]
[0.417022]
tensor([0.7576])
tensor([0.7576])

【pytorch入门（二）：numpy与pytorch（续）】