MongoDB简易安装与操作

安装及启动服务：

 

1.解压：tar -xvf mongodb-linux-i686-1.4.4.tgz

 

2.为mongoDB创建数据目录：sudo mkdir -p /data/db/

 

3.设置/data/db访问权限：sudo chown 'id -u' /data/db

 

4.启动mongoDB服务：cd mongodb-linux-i686-1.4.4/bin

 

5.               ./mongod

 

操作数据库：

6.打开另一终端，并确保在mongoDB的bin目录：./mongo

 

   1.  超级用户相关：

         1. use admin

         2. #增加或修改用户密码

         3. db.addUser('name','pwd')

         4. #查看用户列表

         5. db.system.users.find()

         6. #用户认证

         7. db.auth('name','pwd')

         8. #删除用户

         9. db.removeUser('name')

        10. #查看所有用户

        11. show users

        12. #查看所有数据库

        13. show dbs

        14. #查看所有的collection

        use dbs

        15. show collections

        16. #查看各collection的状态

        17. db.printCollectionStats()

        18. #查看主从复制状态

        19. db.printReplicationInfo()

        20. #修复数据库

        21. db.repairDatabase()

        22. #设置记录profiling，0=off 1=slow 2=all

        23. db.setProfilingLevel(1)

        24. #查看profiling

        25. show profile

        26. #拷贝数据库

        27. db.copyDatabase('mail_addr','mail_addr_tmp')

        28. #删除collection

        29. db.mail_addr.drop()

        30. #删除当前的数据库

        31. db.dropDatabase()

   2. 客户端连接

       

   3. 增删改

         1. #存储嵌套的对象

         2. db.foo.save({'name':'ysz','address':{'city':'beijing','post':100096},'phone':[138,139]})

         3. #存储数组对象

         4. db.user_addr.save({'Uid':'yushunzhi@sohu.com','Al':['test-1@sohu.com','test-2@sohu.com']})

         5. #根据query条件修改，如果不存在则插入，允许修改多条记录

         6. db.foo.update({'yy':5},{'$set':{'xx':2}},upsert=true,multi=true)

         7. #删除yy=5的记录

         8. db.foo.remove({'yy':5})

         9. #删除所有的记录

        10. db.foo.remove()

   4. 索引

         1. #增加索引：1(ascending),-1(descending)

         2. db.foo.ensureIndex({firstname: 1, lastname: 1}, {unique: true});

         3. #索引子对象

         4. db.user_addr.ensureIndex({'Al.Em': 1})

         5. #查看索引信息

         6. db.foo.getIndexes()

         7. db.foo.getIndexKeys()

         8. #根据索引名删除索引

         9. db.user_addr.dropIndex('Al.Em_1')

   5. 查询

         1. #查找所有

         2. db.foo.find()

         3. #查找一条记录

         4. db.foo.findOne()

         5. #根据条件检索10条记录

         6. db.foo.find({'msg':'Hello 1'}).limit(10)

         7. #sort排序

         8. db.deliver_status.find({'From':'ixigua@sina.com'}).sort({'Dt',-1})

         9. db.deliver_status.find().sort({'Ct':-1}).limit(1)

        10. #count操作

        11. db.user_addr.count()

        12. #distinct操作,查询指定列，去重复

        13. db.foo.distinct('msg')

        14. #>操作

        15. db.foo.find({"timestamp": {"$gte" : 2}})

        16. #子对象的查找

        17. db.foo.find({'address.city':'beijing'})

   6. 管理

         1. #查看collection数据的大小

         2. db.deliver_status.dataSize()

         3. #查看colleciont状态

         4. db.deliver_status.stats()

         5. #查询所有索引的大小

         6. db.deliver_status.totalIndexSize()

 

advanced queries:高级查询

db.things.find( { x : 3, y : "foo" } );

 

db.things.find({j: {$ne: 3}, k: {$gt: 10} });

 

db.things.find( { x : 3 }, { z : 1 } );

db.posts.find( { tags : 'mongodb' }, { comments : 0 } );

 

db.posts.find({}, {comments:{$slice: 5}}) // first 5 comments

db.posts.find({}, {comments:{$slice: -5}}) // last 5 comments

db.posts.find({}, {comments:{$slice: [20, 10]}}) // skip 20, limit 10

db.posts.find({}, {comments:{$slice: [-20, 10]}}) // 20 from end, limit10

 

db.collection.find({ "field" : { $gt: value } } );   // greater than  : field > value

db.collection.find({ "field" : { $lt: value } } );   // less than  :  field < value

db.collection.find({ "field" : { $gte: value } } );  // greater than or equal to : field >= value

db.collection.find({ "field" : { $lte: value } } );  // less than or equal to : field <= value

db.collection.find({ "field" : { $gt: value1, $lt: value2 } } );    // value1 < field < value

 

db.things.find( { x : { $ne : 3 } } );// Use $ne for "not equals".

 

db.collection.find( { "field" : { $in : array } } );

db.things.find({j:{$in: [2,4,6]}});

db.updates.ensureIndex( { ts : 1 } ); // ts == timestamp

var myFriends = myUserObject.friends; // let's assume this gives us an array of DBRef's of my friends

var latestUpdatesForMe = db.updates.find( { user : { $in : myFriends } } ).sort( { ts : -1 } ).limit(10);

 

db.things.find({j:{$nin: [2,4,6]}});// The $nin operator is similar to $in except that it selects objects for which the specified field does not have any value in the specified array.

 

db.things.find( "this.a % 10 == 1")

db.things.find( { a : { $mod : [ 10 , 1 ] } } )

 

{ a: [ 1, 2, 3 ] }

db.things.find( { a: { $all: [ 2, 3 ] } } );

 

db.things.find( { a : { $size: 1 } } );

 

db.things.find( { a : { $exists : true } } ); // return object if a is present

db.things.find( { a : { $exists : false } } ); // return if a is missing

 

db.things.find( { a : { $type : 2 } } ); // matches if a is a string

db.things.find( { a : { $type : 16 } } ); // matches if a is an int

Possible types are:

Type Name

Type Number

Double

1

String

2

Object

3

Array

4

Binary data

5

Object id

7

Boolean

8

Date

9

Null

10

Regular expression

11

JavaScript code

13

Symbol

14

JavaScript code with scope

15

32-bit integer

16

Timestamp

17

64-bit integer

18

Min key

255

Max key

127

db.foo.find( { $or : [ { a : 1 } , { b : 2 } ] } )

db.foo.find( { name : "bob" , $or : [ { a : 1 } , { b : 2 } ] } )

 

db.customers.find( { name : /acme.*corp/i } );// You may use regexes in database query expressions:

 

db.things.find( { colors : "red" } );// To look for the value "red" in an array field colors:

 

t.find( { "x.a" : 1, "x.b" : { $gt : 1 } } )

 

db.postings.find( { "author.name" : "joe" } );

 

 

db.customers.find( { name : { $not : /acme.*corp/i } } );

db.things.find( { a : { $not : { $mod : [ 10 , 1 ] } } } );

 

db.myCollection.find( { a : { $gt: 3 } } );

db.myCollection.find( { $where: "this.a > 3" } );

db.myCollection.find("this.a > 3");

f = function() { return this.a > 3; } db.myCollection.find(f);

 

db.myCollection.find().sort( { ts : -1 } ); // sort by ts, descending order

 

db.students.find().limit(10).forEach( function(student) { print(student.name + "<p>"); } ); // In the shell (and most drivers), a limit of 0 is equivalent to setting no limit at all.

 

function printStudents(pageNumber, nPerPage) {

   print("Page: " + pageNumber);

   db.students.find().skip((pageNumber-1)*nPerPage).limit(nPerPage).forEach( function(student) { print(student.name + "<p>"); } );

}

 

The skip() expression allows one to specify at which object the database should begin returning results. This is often useful for implementing "paging".

 

nstudents = db.students.find({'address.state' : 'CA'}).count();

nstudents = db.students.find({'address.state' : 'CA'}).toArray().length; // VERY BAD: slow and uses excess memory

n = db.students.find().skip(20).limit(10).count(true);

 

 

db.foo.find()._addSpecial("$returnKey" , true )// only return the index key

t.find()._addSpecial( "$maxScan" , 50 )// limit the number of items to scan