Java 网络编程

C/S结构(Client/Server)客户端+服务器端,一般分TCP和UDP两种

B/S结构(Browser/Server)浏览器+服务器端,使用HTTP协议

 

以下介绍C/S中的TCP实现,Java Socket通信

 

ServerSocket

TCP协议操作类,主要用在服务器端,用于接收客户端请求

ServerSocket(int port)构造方法

accept()接收客户端请求,返回Socket

close()关闭服务端

 

Socket

TCP协议操作类,主要用在客户端,表示一个客户端

Socket(String host,int port)构造方法(host填IP地址,localhost代表本机ip:127.0.0.1)

getOutputStream()用于输出数据,获取OutputStream对象

getInputStream()用于读取数据,获取InputStream对象

 

示例代码:最简单的一个客户端和服务器端

public class ServiceTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket=new ServerSocket(9999);
        System.out.println("等待客户端连接");
        Socket socket=serverSocket.accept();
        PrintStream printStream=new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
        printStream.println("hello world");
        printStream.println("测试Socket通信");
        printStream.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
        System.out.println("连接完毕,停止通信");
    }
}

public class ClientTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket=new Socket("localhost",9999);
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(socket.getInputStream());
        scanner.useDelimiter("\n");
        while (scanner.hasNext()){
            System.out.println(scanner.next());
        }
        scanner.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

 

示例代码:经典Echo网络模型,增加了多线程支持多个客户端连接

服务器端的Runnable类

public class EchoThreadTest2 implements Runnable{
    private Socket socket;

    public EchoThreadTest2(Socket socket){
        this.socket=socket;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            Scanner scanner=new Scanner(socket.getInputStream());
            PrintStream printStream=new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
            boolean flag=true;
            while (flag){
                if (scanner.hasNext()){
                    String str=scanner.next().trim();
                    if (str.equalsIgnoreCase("byebye")){
                        printStream.println("拜拜,断开连接");
                        flag=false;
                    }else {
                        printStream.println("Echo:"+str);
                    }
                }
            }
            scanner.close();
            socket.close();
            printStream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

服务器端

public class ServiceTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket=new ServerSocket(9999);
        boolean flag=true;
        int number=0;
        while (flag){
            number++;
            Socket socket=serverSocket.accept();
            new Thread(new EchoThreadTest2(socket)).start();
            System.out.println(number);
        }
    }
}

客户端

public class ClientTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket=new Socket("localhost",9999);
        Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(socket.getInputStream());
        input.useDelimiter("\n");
        scanner.useDelimiter("\n");
        PrintStream printStream=new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
        boolean flag=true;
        while (flag){
            System.out.println("请输入要发送的数据:");
            if (input.hasNext()){
                String str=input.next().trim();
                printStream.println(str);
                if (str.equalsIgnoreCase("byebye")){
                    flag=false;
                }
                if (scanner.hasNext()){
                    System.out.println(scanner.next());
                }
            }
        }
        scanner.close();
        socket.close();
        input.close();
        printStream.close();
    }
}

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