ubuntu使用杂记

1 常用软件

搜狗拼音

http://pinyin.sogou.com/linux/

chrome浏览器

https://www.google.com/chrome/

virtualbox

https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

向日葵vpn

http://sunlogin.oray.com

filezilla

ftp sftp好工具，ubuntu应用商店下载

wine

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wine/wine-builds
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends winehq-devel
sudo apt-get install wine-gecko2.21

2 系统小工具

系统负载指示

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:indicator-multiload/stable-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload

大小写切换提示

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tsbarnes/indicator-keylock
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-keylock

防止系统自动进入待机小工具

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:caffeine-developers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install caffeine

3 开发软件工具

JDK安装

oracle jdk

ppa源方式

• 添加源

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update

• JDK 7

sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer

• JDK 8

sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

安装包方式

• 安装包下载

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/javase/index-jsp-138363.html

• 解压到指定目录

sudo mkdir /usr/lib/jvm
sudo tar -zxvf jdk-7u60-linux-x64.gz -C /usr/lib/jvm

• 设置系统默认jdk

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/java 300  
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/javac 300  
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/jar jar /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/jar 300   
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javah javah /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/javah 300   
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javap javap /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/javap 300

openjdk

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk

JDK选择

sudo update-alternatives --config java
sudo update-alternatives --config javac

常用开发工具

• android studio
• pycharm
• mysql workbench
• vim
• atom

4 系统配置

增加PATH

• /etc/environment

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/home/yhc/Android/Sdk/platform-tools"

• ~/.bashrc

PATH=$PATH:~/bin

设置源

国内源列表

http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/%E6%BA%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8

ustc

https://lug.ustc.edu.cn/wiki/mirrors/help/ubuntu

网易

http://mirrors.163.com/.help/

清华大学

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

阿里云

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/help/ubuntu

增加PATH

• /etc/environment

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/home/yhc/Android/Sdk/platform-tools"

• ~/.bashrc

PATH=$PATH:~/bin

5 使用技巧

区域截图

shift + PrtSc

挂载samba可读可写

 sudo mount -t cifs //<host>/path <mount path> -o rw,uid=<uid>,gid=<uid>,username=<username>,password=xxxxxx,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777

添加32位软件支持

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

添加硬盘分区

vim /etc/fstab

UUID=fbed6970-2793-4f04-8acc-375a4d1190a5 /home/yhc/hd1t/workspace ext4 defaults 0 0
UUID=3822545A0AE3081A /home/yhc/hd1t/data ntfs-3g auto,users,permissions 0 0
UUID=3EC2537D53295E65 /home/yhc/hd1t/software ntfs-3g auto,users,permissions 0 0

设置时区

dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

笔记本合上盖不进入待机

/etc/systemd/logind.conf

HandleLidSwitch=ignore
sudo service systemd-logind restart

开机进入命令行

/etc/default/grub

...
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="text"
...
GRUB_TERMINAL=console
...

sudo update-grub

上面方法也许对Ubuntu16.04系统不灵，因为systemd覆写了上面的配置

Ubuntu 16.04 执行下面命令默认启动到命令行：

sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target

执行如下命令启动到桌面:

sudo systemctl start lightdm

要恢复默认启动到桌面，执行：

systemctl set-default graphical.target

清理boot分区

dpkg --get-selections|grep linux-image  
uname -a
sudo apt-get purge xxxkernelxxx

清理/usr/src目录，删除已经卸载的内核目录

设置开机启动

init

/etc/init/demo.conf

description "Job that runs the ngrok daemoni"

# start in normal runlevels when disks are mounted and networking is available
start on runlevel [2345]

# stop on shutdown/halt, single-user mode and reboot
stop on runlevel [016]

exec xxxxx

sudo initctl start demo
sudo initctl stop demo
initctl status demo

参考：

getting-started

cookbook

systemd

/etc/systemd/system/demo.service

[Unit]
Description=owncloud docker container
Requires=docker.service
After=docker.service

[Service]
Restart=always
ExecStart=xxx
ExecStop=xxx

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

sudo systemctl start demo.service
sudo systemctl stop demo.service
systemctl status demo.service
sudo systemctl enable demo.service

参考：

SystemdForUpstartUsers