结构体内存对齐规则

1—————————————–

struct
{
    char b;
    int a;
    short c;
}A;
sizeof(A) = 12;
b: 1*0 = 0
a: 4*1 = 4
c: 2*4 = 8

 2-----

---

struct A
{
    int a;
    double b;
    float c;
};

struct
{
    char e[2];
    int f;
    double g;
    short h;
    struct A i;
}B;
//对齐单位 8 个字节
sizeof(B) = 48;
//普通成员偏移量
e: 2*0 = 0
f: 4*1 = 4
g: 8*1 = 8
h: 2*8 = 16
结构体起点坐标：
   8*3 = 24
//结构体成员偏移量
a: 24 + 4*0 = 24
b: 24 + 8*1 = 32
c: 24 + 4*4 = 40

3------------------------

---

struct A
{
    char e;
    short f;
};

struct
{
    int a;
    char b;
    struct A c;
    char d;
}B;
sizeof(B) = 12;
a: 4*0 = 0;
b: 1*4 = 4;
结构体起点坐标：
    2*3 = 6
e: 6+1*0 = 6
f: 6+2*1 = 8
d: 1*10 = 10

---

4-----------------
struct A
{
    int e;
    short f;
};

struct
{
    int a;
    char b;
    struct A c;
    short d;
}B;
sizeof(B) = 20;
a: 4*0 = 0
b: 1*4 = 4
结构体起点：
    4*2 = 8
e: 8 + 4*0 = 8
f: 8 + 2*2 = 12 //结构体A所占的大小为该结构体成员内部最大元素的整数倍，不足补齐。
d: 2*8 = 16

5-----------------

---

#pragma pack(2)  //指定对齐单位为2个字节
typedef struct
{
    int a; 
    char b;
    short c;
    char d;
}A;

a:2*0 = 0
b: 1*4 = 4
c: 2*3 = 6
d: 1*8 = 8
sizeof(A) = 10;

6——————

#pragma pack(2)
typedef struct
{
    char a; 
    char b;
    short c;
    int d;
}A;
a: 1*0 = 0
b: 1*1 = 1
c: 2*1 = 2
d: 2*2 = 4
sizeof(A) = 8;