iphone 线程总结— detachNewThreadSelector的使用

不管是iphone中还是其他的操作系统，多线程在各种编程语言中都是难点，很多语言中实现起来很麻烦，objective-c虽然源于c,但其多线程编程却相当简单，可以与java相媲美。多线程编程是防止主线程堵塞，增加运行效率等等的最佳方法。而原始的多线程方法存在很多的毛病，包括线程锁死等。

一、线程创建与启动

线程创建主要有二种方式：

  
  
(id)init; // designated initializer  
(id)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:  
(SEL)selector object:(id)argument; 

当然，还有一种比较特殊，就是使用所谓的convenient method，这个方法可以直接生成一个线程并启动它，而且无需为线程的清理负责。这个方法的接口是：

  
  
(void)detachNewThreadSelector:  
(SEL)aSelector toTarget:  
(id)aTarget withObject:  
(id)anArgument 

前两种方法创建后，需要手机启动，启动的方法是：

  
  
(void)start; 

二、线程的同步与锁

要说明线程的同步与锁，最好的例子可能就是多个窗口同时售票的售票系统了。我们知道在java中，使用synchronized来同步，而iphone虽然没有提供类似java下的synchronized关键字，但提供了NSCondition对象接口。查看NSCondition的接口说明可以看出，NSCondition是iphone下的锁对象，所以我们可以使用NSCondition实现iphone中的线程安全。这是来源于网上的一个例子：

SellTicketsAppDelegate.h 文件

  
  
// SellTicketsAppDelegate.h  
import <UIKit/UIKit.h> 
@interface SellTicketsAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> {  
     int tickets;  
     int count;  
     NSThread* ticketsThreadone;  
     NSThread* ticketsThreadtwo;  
     NSCondition* ticketsCondition;  
     UIWindow *window;  
}  
@property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window;  
@end  
SellTicketsAppDelegate.m 文件  
// SellTicketsAppDelegate.m  
import "SellTicketsAppDelegate.h"  
@implementation SellTicketsAppDelegate  
@synthesize window;  
- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application {  
     tickets = 100;  
     count = 0;  
     // 锁对象  
     ticketCondition = [[NSCondition alloc] init];  
     ticketsThreadone = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];  
     [ticketsThreadone setName:@"Thread-1"];  
     [ticketsThreadone start];  
     ticketsThreadtwo = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];  
     [ticketsThreadtwo setName:@"Thread-2"];  
     [ticketsThreadtwo start];  
     //[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(run) toTarget:self withObject:nil];  
      // Override point for customization after application launch  
     [window makeKeyAndVisible];  
 
}  
 
- (void)run{  
     while (TRUE) {  
     // 上锁  
         [ticketsCondition lock];  
         if(tickets > 0){  
             [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.5];  
             count = 100 - tickets;  
             NSLog(@"当前票数是:%d,售出:%d,线程名:%@",tickets,count,[[NSThread currentThread] name]);  
             tickets--;  
         }else{  
             break;  
         }  
         [ticketsCondition unlock];  
     }  
}  
- (void)dealloc {  
[ticketsThreadone release];  
     [ticketsThreadtwo release];  
     [ticketsCondition release];   
     [window release];  
     [super dealloc];  
}  
@end 

三、线程的交互

线程在运行过程中，可能需要与其它线程进行通信，如在主线程中修改界面等等，可以使用如下接口：

  
  
(void)performSelectorOnMainThread:  
(SEL)aSelector withObject:  
(id)arg waitUntilDone:  
(BOOL)wait 

由于在本过程中，可能需要释放一些资源，则需要使用NSAutoreleasePool来进行管理,如：

  
  
(void)startTheBackgroundJob {       
NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];  
    // to do something in your thread job  
    ...  
    [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(makeMyProgressBarMoving) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];  
    [pool release];  
} 
  
  

   
   

  
  
  
  

   
   
   
   
举例说明怎么简单的创建一个子线程。
   
   
用到的类是NSThread类，这里使用detachNewTheadSelector:toTagaet:withObject创建一个线程。
   
   
函数setupThread:(NSArray*)userInfor。通过userInfor将需要的数据传到线程中。
   
   
函数定义：
   
   

    
    
[代码]c#/cpp/oc代码：
    
    

     
     

      
      

       
       
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-(void)setupThread:(NSArray*)userInfor{
      
      
      
      

       
       
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   [NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(threadFunc:) toTarget:self withObject:(id)userInfor];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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}
      
      
      
      

       
       
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- (void)threadFunc:(id)userInfor{
      
      
      
      

       
       
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   NSAutoreleasePool*pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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   //。。。。需要做的处理。
      
      
      
      

       
       
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   //这里线程结束后立即返回
      
      
      
      

       
       
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  [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(endThread) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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  [pool release];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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}
      
      
     
     
    
    
   
   
   
   

   
   
performSelectorOnMainThread通知主线程执行函数endThread。也可以使用performSelector:onThread:withObject:waitUntil 通知某线程执行线程结束后的处理。
   
   
线程内不要刷新界面。如果需要刷新界面，通过performSelectorOnMainThread，调出主线程中的方法去刷新。
   
   
 
   
   
例如，启动一个线程下载图片：
   
   
//启动线程
   
   
[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(downloadImage:) toTarget:self withObject:url];
   
   
//线程函数
   
   

    
    
[代码]c#/cpp/oc代码：
    
    

     
     

      
      

       
       
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- (void) downloadImage:(NSString*)url{
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    _subThreed = [NSThread currentThread];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    self.uploadPool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    self.characterBuffer = [NSMutableData data];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    done = NO;
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    [[NSURLCache sharedURLCache] removeAllCachedResponses];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    NSMutableURLRequest *theRequest = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURLURLWithString:url]];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    self.connection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:theRequest delegate:self];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(httpConnectStart) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    if (connection != nil) {
      
      
      
      

       
       
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        do {
      
      
      
      

       
       
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            [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate distantFuture]];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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        } while (!done);
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    }
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    self.photo = [UIImage imageWithData:characterBuffer];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    //下载结束，刷新
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(fillPhoto) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    // Release resources used only in this thread.
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    self.connection = nil;
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    [uploadPool release];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    self.uploadPool = nil;
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    _subThreed = nil;
      
      
      
      

       
       
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}
      
      
      
      

       
       
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#pragma mark NSURLConnection Delegate methods
      
      
      
      

       
       
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/*
      
      
      
      

       
       
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 Disable caching so that each time we run this app we are starting with a clean slate. You may not want to do this in your application.
      
      
      
      

       
       
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 */
      
      
      
      

       
       
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- (NSCachedURLResponse *)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection willCacheResponse:(NSCachedURLResponse *)cachedResponse {
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    return nil;
      
      
      
      

       
       
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}
      
      
      
      

       
       
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// Forward errors to the delegate.
      
      
      
      

       
       
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- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error {
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    done = YES;
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(httpConnectEnd) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    [characterBuffer setLength:0];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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}
      
      
      
      

       
       
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// Called when a chunk of data has been downloaded.
      
      
      
      

       
       
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- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data {
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    // Process the downloaded chunk of data.
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    [characterBuffer appendData:data];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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}
      
      
      
      

       
       
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- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection {
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(httpConnectEnd) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    // Set the condition which ends the run loop.
      
      
      
      

       
       
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    done = YES;
      
      
      
      

       
       
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} 
      
      
     
     
    
    
   
   

  
  
  
  


  
  
  
  

   
   
首先我们需要创建一个线程有两种方法：
   
   
- (id)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector object:(id)argument
   
   
+ (void)detachNewThreadSelector:(SEL)aSelector toTarget:(id)aTarget withObject:(id)anArgument
   
   
因为第二种方法不用对线程进行清理，所以我们常用第二种哦个方法。
   
   
[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(new:) toTarget:self withObject:nil];
   
   
- (void)new:(id)sender{
   
   
[_myCondition lock];
   
   
//performSelectorInBackgroud主要进行逻辑上处理
   
   
[self performSelectorInBackgroud:@selector(doInBackgroud:) withObject:nil];
   
   
//perfomSelectorOnMainThread主要进行界面UI上的处理
   
   
[self perfomSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(doOnMain:) withObject:nil];
   
   
//[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:n];
   
   
[_myCondition signal];
   
   
[_myCondition unlock];
   
   
[NSThread exit];
   
   
return;
   
   
}