今天,在网上搜索关于nls视图的相关内容,结果越查越糊涂,无奈下,还是自己动手做一下。
首先,我们看一下,这三个视图的sql定义:
sys>select view_name,text from dba_views where view_name like 'NLS%';
VIEW_NAME TEXT
------------------------- --------------------------------------------------
NLS_SESSION_PARAMETERS select substr(parameter, 1, 30),
substr(value, 1, 40)
from v$nls_parameters
where parameter != 'NLS_CHARACTERSET' and
parameter != 'NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET'
NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS select substr(upper(name), 1, 30),
substr(value, 1, 40)
from v$system_parameter
where name like 'nls%'
VIEW_NAME TEXT
------------------------- --------------------------------------------------
NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS select name,
substr(value$, 1, 40)
from props$
where name like 'NLS%'
可以看出,nls_database_parameters取值与props$,即我们创建数据库时存储在数据库中的熟悉信息,这与环境变量和参数文件等是统统没有关系的。nls_instance_parameters取值与v$system_parameter,下面让我们看一下v$system_parameter 在官方文档的定义:
V$SYSTEM_PARAMETER displays information about the initialization parameters that are currently in effect for the instance.
A new session inherits parameter values from the instance-wide values.
从这里,我们可知,nls_instance_parameters的值有参数文件决定,那么会不会受到环境变量的影响哪?经验证,是不会的!过程如下:
首先,我们来看一下NLS_LANGUAGE的取值
sys>select parameter,value from nls_instance_parameters where parameter='NLS_LANGUAGE';
PARAMETER VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
NLS_LANGUAGE SIMPLIFIED CHINESE
关闭数据库,然后修改环境变量NLS_LANG:
sys>shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
sys>exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@oadata ~]$ vi .bash_profile
[oracle@oadata ~]$ . .bash_profile
[oracle@oadata ~]$ set | grep NLS
NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
[oracle@oadata ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Sep 18 16:01:00 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2137886720 bytes
Fixed Size 2230072 bytes
Variable Size 1342179528 bytes
Database Buffers 788529152 bytes
Redo Buffers 4947968 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select parameter,value from nls_instance_parameters where parameter='NLS_LANGUAGE';
PARAMETER VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
NLS_LANGUAGE SIMPLIFIED CHINESE
可见,nls_instance_parameters只受参数文件的影响,而不受环境变量影响。
nls_session_parameters取值与V$NLS_PARAMETERS,它的查询结果默认会从nls_instance_parameters继承,但是如果,我们在环境变量或者通过ALTER SESSION 改变了nls的相关参数,则会覆盖默认值。
例如,当环境变量NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
SQL> select parameter,value from nls_session_parameters where parameter='NLS_LANGUAGE';
PARAMETER VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
NLS_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
当环境变量NLS_LANG='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8'
SQL> select parameter,value from nls_session_parameters where parameter='NLS_LANGUAGE';
PARAMETER VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
NLS_LANGUAGE SIMPLIFIED CHINESE