Nginx+Keepalived的说明及环境说明
环境:
- centos5.3(64位)、nginx-0.7.51、keepalived-1.1.15
- 主nginx负载均衡器:192.168.0.154
- 辅nginx负载均衡器:192.168.9.155
- vip:192.168.0.188
安装Nginx负载均衡器及相关配置脚本
先安装Nginx负载均衡器,nginx负载的配置就用一般的模板来配置了
- #添加运行nginx的用户和组www
- groupadd www
- useradd -g www www
- wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz
- tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
- cd pcre-7.8/
- ./configure
- make && make install
- wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.51.tar.gz
- tar zxvf nginx-0.7.51.tar.gz
- cd nginx-0.7.51/
- ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
- make && make install
配置nginx负载均衡器的配置文件vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf,此处纯80转发。
- user www www;
- worker_processes 8;
- pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
- worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
- events
- {
- use epoll;
- worker_connections 65535;
- }
- http{
- include mime.types;
- default_type application/octet-stream;
- server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
- client_header_buffer_size 32k;
- large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
- client_max_body_size 8m;
- sendfile on;
- tcp_nopush on;
- keepalive_timeout 60;
- tcp_nodelay on;
- fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
- fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
- fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
- fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
- fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
- fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
- fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
- gzip on;
- gzip_min_length 1k;
- gzip_buffers 4 16k;
- gzip_http_version 1.0;
- gzip_comp_level 2;
- gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
- gzip_vary on;
- upstream backend
- {
- server 192.168.1.102:80;
- server 192.168.1.103:80;
- server 192.168.1.105:80;
- }
- server {
- listen 80;
- server_name www.yuhongchun027.com;
- location / {
- root /var/www ;
- index index.jsp index.htm index.html;
- proxy_redirect off;
- proxy_set_header Host $host;
- proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
- proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
- proxy_pass http://backend;
- }
- location /nginx {
- access_log on;
- auth_basic "NginxStatus";
- auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/htpasswd;
- }
- log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
- '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
- '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
- access_log /var/log/access.log access;
- }
- }
安装Keepalived,让其分别作web及Nginx的HA
安装keepalived,并将其做成服务模式
- wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz
- #tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz
- #cd keepalived-1.1.15
- #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
- #make
- #make install
- #cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
- #cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
- #cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
- #mkdir /etc/keepalived
- #cd /etc/keepalived/
- vim keepalived.conf
- ! Configuration File for keepalived
- global_defs {
- notification_email {
- yuhongchun027@163.com
- }
- notification_email_from keepalived@chtopnet.com
- smtp_server 127.0.0.1
- smtp_connect_timeout 30
- router_id LVS_DEVEL
- }
- vrrp_instance VI_1 {
- state MASTER
- interface eth0
- virtual_router_id 51
- mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.154 <==主nginx的IP地址
- priority 100
- advert_int 1
- authentication {
- auth_type PASS
- auth_pass chtopnet
- }
- virtual_ipaddress {
- 192.168.0.188 <==vip地址
- }
- }
- #service keepalived start
我们来看一下日志:
- [root@ltos ~]# tail /var/log/messages
- Oct 6 03:25:03 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Registering new address record for 192.168.0.188 on eth0.
- Oct 6 03:25:03 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Registering new address record for 192.168.0.154 on eth0.
- Oct 6 03:25:03 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Registering HINFO record with values 'I686'/'LINUX'.
- Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Withdrawing address record for fe80::20c:29ff:feb9:eeab on eth0.
- Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Withdrawing address record for 192.168.0.154 on eth0.
- Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon[2306]: Host name conflict, retrying with <ltos-31>
很显然vrrp已经启动,我们还可以通过命令来检查
- [root@ltos html]# ip addr
- 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
- link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
- inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
- inet6 ::1/128 scope host
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
- link/ether 00:0c:29:ba:9b:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- inet 192.168.0.154/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0
- inet 192.168.0.188/32 scope global eth0
- inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feba:9be7/64 scope link
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
- link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
说明vip已经启动,这样主服务器就配置好了,辅机的配置大致一样,除了配置文件有少部分的变化,下面贴出辅机的配置文件:
- ! Configuration File for keepalived
- global_defs {
- notification_email {
- yinchanggeng@163.com
- }
- notification_email_from keepalived@chtopnet.com
- smtp_server 127.0.0.1
- smtp_connect_timeout 30
- router_id LVS_DEVEL
- }
- vrrp_instance VI_1 {
- state BACKUP
- interface eth0
- virtual_router_id 51
- mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.155 <==辅nginx的IP的地址
- priority 100
- advert_int 1
- authentication {
- auth_type PASS
- auth_pass chtopnet
- }
- virtual_ipaddress {
- 192.168.0.188
- }
- }
针对Keepalived的不足,用Nginx_pid.sh来监控nginx进程,实现真正意义上的负载均衡高可用。
针对Nginx+Keepalived,编写nginx监控脚本nginx_pid.sh,此脚本思路其实也很简单,即放置在后台一直监控nginx进程;如进程消失,尝试重启nginx,如是失败则立即停掉本机的keepalived服务,让另一台负载均衡器接手:
- vim /root/nginx_pid.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- while :
- do
- nginxpid=`ps -C nginx --no-header | wc -l`
- if [ $nginxpid -eq 0 ];then
- /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
- sleep 5
- nginxpid=`ps -C nginx --no-header | wc -l`
- if [ $nginxpid -eq 0 ];then
- /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
- fi
- fi
- sleep 5
- done
然后置于后台运行 sh /root/nginx_pid.sh &,这种写法是错误的,这样你用root用户logout后,此进程会消失;正确写法为nohup/bin/bash /root/nginx_pid.sh &,附带下注释:如果你正在运行一个进程,而且你觉得在退出帐户时该进程还不会结束,那么可以使用nohup命令。该命令可以在你退出root帐户之后继续运行相应的进程。nohup就是不挂起的意思( no hang up)。