import java.util.Arrays;
public class TestSort {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {1,9,5,10,8,2,7,4,3};
Arrays.sort(arr);
for(int i:arr){
System.out.print(i+" ");
}
}
}
输出:1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10
import java.util.Arrays;
public class TestSort {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] arr = {"ni","hao","hello","test"};
Arrays.sort(arr);
for(String i:arr){
System.out.print(i+" ");
}
}
}
输出:hao hello ni test
那么究竟这个方法怎么对数组进行排序的呢,而且对于String数组有着怎样的排序策略呢?首先我们来看方法介绍:
文档中说明了数组中的所有元素都必须实现 Comparable
接口,我们看一下Integer和String类的源码:
可以看到他们都实现了Comparable接口,重写了compareTo方法,具体的比较方式是自己实现的,比如int值是按照数字的大小比较,String是先按照首字母在字母表中的顺序比较,如果顺序相同再比较他们的长度。这也是不同的类可以实现自己独特的比较方式,比如你也可以自己写一个MyString按照其他的方式进行比较。这就是策略模式,就拿比较而言定义了Comparable接口,不同的实现类实现不同的算法,也就是不同的策略。那我们自己定义的类不同的对象也就可以进行比较了,下面我们写自己的一个Cat类,并用sort进行排序:
package cat;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Cat[] cats = {new Cat(1,1),new Cat(5,5),new Cat(3,3)};
Arrays.sort(cats);
for(Cat c:cats){
System.out.println(c);
}
}
}
class Cat implements Comparable<Cat>{
private int height;
private int weight;
public Cat(int height, int weight) {
this.height = height;
this.weight = weight;
}
public int getHeight() {
return height;
}
public void setHeight(int height) {
this.height = height;
}
public int getWeight (){
return this.weight;
}
public void setWeight(int weight) {
this.weight = weight;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Cat{" +
"height=" + height +
", weight=" + weight +
'}';
}
@Override
//我们按照猫的重量来比较大小
public int compareTo(Cat o) {
if(this.getWeight()>o.getWeight()){
return 1;
}else if(this.getWeight()<o.getWeight()){
return -1;
}else{
return 0;
}
}
}
结果:Cat{height=1, weight=1}
Cat{height=3, weight=3}
Cat{height=5, weight=5}
如果我们不适用策略模式,那么每次新建类想要进行排序的时候都要自己写排序方法,写比较方法。现在还是有问题,比如现在比较两只猫的大小是根据体重比较,如果我现在想根据猫的身高进行比较大小怎么办,就需要重新写比较方法。那如果再写一个类Dog相比较他们的大小就需要把比较策略重写一遍。这时候就轮到Comparator比较器发挥作用了
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Cat[] cats = {new Cat(1,1),new Cat(5,5),new Cat(3,3)};
Arrays.sort(cats);
for(Cat c:cats){
System.out.println(c);
}
}
}
class Cat implements Comparable<Cat>{
private int height;
private int weight;
//这里改变new的比较器就可以实现不同的比较
private Comparator<Cat> catComparator = new CatHeightComparator();
public Cat(int height, int weight) {
this.height = height;
this.weight = weight;
}
public int getHeight() {
return height;
}
public void setHeight(int height) {
this.height = height;
}
public int getWeight() {
return weight;
}
public void setWeight(int weight) {
this.weight = weight;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Cat o) {
return catComparator.compare(this,o);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Cat{" +
"height=" + height +
", weight=" + weight +
'}';
}
}
//根据身高比较大小的比较器
class CatHeightComparator implements Comparator<Cat>{
@Override
public int compare(Cat o1, Cat o2) {
if(o1.getHeight()>o2.getHeight()){
return 1;
}else if(o1.getHeight()<o2.getHeight()){
return -1;
}else{
return 0;
}
}
}
//根据体重比较大小的比较器
class CatWeightComparator implements Comparator<Cat>{
@Override
public int compare(Cat o1, Cat o2) {
if(o1.getWeight()>o2.getWeight()){
return 1;
}else if(o1.getWeight()<o2.getWeight()){
return -1;
}else{
return 0;
}
}
}