第一天：从"Hello World"开始

     

本分类文章想要阅读好，那么至少你要学过一点点的计算机语言，比如：C、C++、Java以及C#等等。否则，可能不知道我再说什么。实际上，我是以给自己看为主可能不会太顾及其他读者的感受，见谅。

 

1. Hello World：

 

      和别的程序一样，首先是看Hello world代码：

 

      #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>            // 引入头文件, #import可以保证头文件只被包含一次

 

      int main ( int argc,  const  char* argv[]  )            // 主函数入口

      {

             NSLog(@"Hello , Objective-C !");                  // NSLog：控制台输出语句,@符号：表示引用的字符串作为NSString类型来处理

                                                                                        // NSLog可以接收参数，如：

                                                                                        //      int  t = 12;

                                                                                        //      NSLog(@"tt=%d",t);           

             return 0;

      }

 

2. 和其他语言不一样的类型 BOOL类型：

 

      BOOL有两个值：YES  和　NO。

      YES = 1    

      NO = 0

 

     注意：Objective-C的BOOL被认作是一个8位的二进制数来处理，但是却只有低位字节起作用，假如赋给BOOL型变量的值是长于1字节的整形值，并且恰好低位字节为0，那么该BOOL变量的实际值为NO。

 

3.  Objective-C的面向对象的基础知识

         3.1 间接：间接可以使代码变得容易维护，易于扩展。

                   3.1.1 变量

                            变量是一种间接。例如：

                                     [1]

         int i;

                                     for( i=1; i<5; i++)

 

                                     [2]

                                     int i,count=5;

                                     for(i=1; i<count; i++)

 

                            [2] 的count变量的声明以及使用就是一种间接。

                   3.1.2 文件

                            文件是一种间接。例如：

                                     #inprot  <Foundation/Foundation.h>

                                     int main ( int argc,  const  char* argv[]  )

                                     {

                                               FILE *wordFile = fopen ( “/temp/words.txt”, “r” );  //只读形式打开文件

                                               char word[100];

                                              

                                               while ( fgets( word, 100, wordFile) )                           //循环读取每一行内容给word数组

                                               {

                                                        word[ strlen(word) - 1 ] = '/0';                            

                                                        NSLog (@" %s  is  %d  characters  long", word, strlen(word) );

                                               }

 

                                               fclose(wordFile);                //关闭文件

                                               return (0);

                                     } //main

 

                   3.1.3 类

                            类是一种间接。

                            Objective-C中关于类的声明以及使用，有点类似C++，由*.h头文件声明类，由*.m文件实现类。例如：

                            // Circle.h 文件：

                                     @interface Circle : NSObject            // 用@interface 来声明一个类开始,Circle继承于NSObject类型。

                                     {

                                               ShapeColor  fillColor;              // 类变量声明在类的大括号内，默认为protected。

                                               ShapeRect   bounds;

                                     }

 

                                     - (void) setFillColor : (ShapeColor) fillColor ;   // 类的方法声明在大括号外，,”-”符号表示方法为对象方法；”+”符号表示方法为类方法（static）。

                                     - (void) setBounds : (ShapeRect) bounds ;

                                     - (void) draw  ;

 

                                     @end                                                      // 用@end来结束类的声明

 

                            // Circle.m 文件：

                                     @implementation  Circle                         //实现类的开始：@implementation，不使用大括号

 

                                     - (void) setFillColor : (ShapeColor) c  

                                     {

                                               fillColor = c;                                  // 如果形参和类变量名称相同,则必须使用self（类似this指针）来呼叫类变量

                                     }

 

                                     - (void) setBounds : (ShapeRect) b

                                     {

                                               bounds = b;

                                     }

                                     - (void) draw

                                     {

                                               NSLog( @"Drawing  a  circle  at ( %d %d %d %d ) in %@",

                                                        bounds.x,

                                                        bounds.y,

                                                        bounds.width,

                                                        bounds.height,

                                                        colorName( fillColor ) );

                                     }

 

                                     @end

 

 

 

 

                                              

 

 

                   //使用类：main.m

                                     #inprot  <Foundation/Foundation.h>

 

                                     int main ( int argc,  const  char* argv[]  )

                                     {

                                               id shape;           // id：相当于Object* 指针,可以代表任何从NSObject衍生来的类型的指针。

                                               ShapeRect rect = { 0 , 0, 20, 30 };

                                               shape = [Circle new];       // 创建Circle对象,实际上一般常用的形式为 [[Circle alloc] init];

                                               [shape  setBounds:  rect ];           // 对象方法的使用

                                               [shape  setFillColor:  kRedColor];

                                               [shape draw];

        

                                               return (0);

                                     } //main