linux系统 dd命令做U盘启动

linux系统 dd命令做U盘启动盘

U盘启动盘制作

1 准备iso系统镜像

系统官网下载您需要的iso文件

2 插入U盘

cat /proc/partitions 查看设备
插入U盘
cat /proc/partitions 查看新的设备名称

fdisk -l 查看硬盘信息

3 查看挂载

df -H
如果设备名称 说明自动挂载了，需要卸载
sudo umount <设备路径：/dev/sdx>

4 格式化U盘（非必须，但是我还是格式化了）

mkfs -t vfat <设备路径：/dev/sdx>

格式化失败（未解决）

sudo fdisk -l 查看u盘
mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb 你的u盘
若遇到mkfs.vfat: Device partition expected, not making filesystem on entire device ‘/dev/sdb’ (use -I to override
执行 sudo mkfs.vfat -I /dev/sdb
重新查拔U盘，问题解决

删除分区（解决）

#fdisk /dev/sda (注意sda后不要加数字)
command(m for help): m 输入m后，就会看到很多命令
command(m for help): p 输出当前磁盘的状态
command(m for help): q 想要不存储离开吗？按下q,请不要随便按w
新增分区：#fdisk /dev/sda
command(m for help): n 此时系统会提示新增P（主分区）还是E（扩展分区），系统一般是（4个P）+E，而且E分区号必须从5开始
p 这里自行决定是P还是E
Partition number(1-4):3 编号可以随意
First cylinder: 这里按下ENTER就行了
Last cylinder or …： +100M
再输入P的时候就能看到新增的分区了
删除分区：
#fdisk /dev/sda
command(m for help): d
选择分区号
记住q—不存储离开 w—存储离开
附上容易混淆的两个命令： df(disk free)—显示磁盘的文件系统与使用情形
du(disk usage)—显示指定的目录或文件所占用的磁盘空间

笔者期间显示忙，换了一个读卡器，问题解决

5 dd命令开始制作启动盘

sudo dd if=<镜像路径：/path/xxx.iso> of=<设备路径/dev/sdx> bs=1M

注：注意替换自己的镜像地址，注意替换自己的u盘，以及bs参数可调整。

dd --help

# dd --help
Usage: dd [OPERAND]...
  or:  dd OPTION
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.

  bs=BYTES        read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time
  cbs=BYTES       convert BYTES bytes at a time
  conv=CONVS      convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
  count=N         copy only N input blocks
  ibs=BYTES       read up to BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
  if=FILE         read from FILE instead of stdin
  iflag=FLAGS     read as per the comma separated symbol list
  obs=BYTES       write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
  of=FILE         write to FILE instead of stdout
  oflag=FLAGS     write as per the comma separated symbol list
  seek=N          skip N obs-sized blocks at start of output
  skip=N          skip N ibs-sized blocks at start of input
  status=LEVEL    The LEVEL of information to print to stderr;
                  'none' suppresses everything but error messages,
                  'noxfer' suppresses the final transfer statistics,
                  'progress' shows periodic transfer statistics

N and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.

Each CONV symbol may be:

  ascii     from EBCDIC to ASCII
  ebcdic    from ASCII to EBCDIC
  ibm       from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
  block     pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
  unblock   replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
  lcase     change upper case to lower case
  ucase     change lower case to upper case
  sparse    try to seek rather than write the output for NUL input blocks
  swab      swap every pair of input bytes
  sync      pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used
            with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
  excl      fail if the output file already exists
  nocreat   do not create the output file
  notrunc   do not truncate the output file
  noerror   continue after read errors
  fdatasync  physically write output file data before finishing
  fsync     likewise, but also write metadata

Each FLAG symbol may be:

  append    append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
  direct    use direct I/O for data
  directory  fail unless a directory
  dsync     use synchronized I/O for data
  sync      likewise, but also for metadata
  fullblock  accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)
  nonblock  use non-blocking I/O
  noatime   do not update access time
  nocache   Request to drop cache.  See also oflag=sync
  noctty    do not assign controlling terminal from file
  nofollow  do not follow symlinks
  count_bytes  treat 'count=N' as a byte count (iflag only)
  skip_bytes  treat 'skip=N' as a byte count (iflag only)
  seek_bytes  treat 'seek=N' as a byte count (oflag only)

Sending a USR1 signal to a running 'dd' process makes it
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.

Options are:

      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/dd>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) dd invocation'

6 测试

设置从U盘启动，进入安装界面，没有问题