以poll为例实现一个简单的聊天室程序
该聊天室程序能让所有用户同时在线群聊,它分为客户端和服务器端两个部分。
客户端程序有两个功能:一是从标准输入终端读入用户数据,并将数据发送至服务器;二是往标准输出终端打印服务器发送给它的数据。
服务器的功能是接受客户数据,并把客户数据发送给每一个登录到该服务器的客户端(数据发送者除外)
客户端
客户端程序使用poll同时监听用户输入和网络连接,并利用splice函数将用户输入内容直接定向到网络连接上发送,从而实现数据零拷贝,提高了程序执行效率。
#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define BUFFER_SIZE 64
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
if(argc <= 2)
{
printf("usage: %s ip_address port_number\n", basename(argv[0]));
}
const char* ip = argv[1];
int port = atoi(argv[2]);
struct sockaddr_in server_address;
bzero(&server_address, sizeof(server_address));
server_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, ip, &server_address.sin_addr);
server_address.sin_port = htons(port);
int sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
assert(sockfd >= 0);
if(connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_address, sizeof(server_address)) < 0)
{
printf("connection filed\n");
close(sockfd);
return 1;
}
/* 注册文件描述符0(标准输入) 和文件描述符sockfd上的可读事件 */
struct pollfd fds[2];
fds[0].fd = 0;
fds[0].events = POLLIN;
fds[0].revents = 0;
fds[1].fd = 0;
fds[1].events = POLLIN | POLLRDHUP;
fds[1].revents = 0;
char read_buf[BUFFER_SIZE];
int pipefd[2];
int ret = pipe(pipefd);
assert(ret != -1);
while(1)
{
ret = poll(fds , 2, -1);
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("poll failure\n");
break;
}
if(fds[1].revents & POLLRDHUP)
{
printf("server close the connection\n");
break;
}
else if(fds[1].revents & POLLIN)
{
memset(read_buf, '\0', BUFFER_SIZE);
recv(fds[1].fd, read_buf, BUFFER_SIZE-1, 0);
printf("%s\n", read_buf);
}
if(fds[0].revents & POLLIN)
{
/* 使用splice将用户输入的数据直接写到sockfd上(零拷贝) */
ret = splice(0, NULL, pipefd[1], NULL, 32768, SPLICE_F_MORE | SPLICE_F_MOVE);
ret = splice(pipefd[0], NULL, sockfd, NULL, 32768, SPLICE_F_MORE | SPLICE_F_MOVE);
}
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
服务器
服务器程序使用poll同时管理监听socket和连接socket,并且使用牺牲空间换取时间的策略来提高服务器性能
#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define USER_LIMIT 5 //最大用户数量
#define BUFF_SIZE 64 //读缓冲区的大小
#define FD_LIMIT 65535 //文件描述符数量限制
struct client_data
{
struct sockaddr_in address;
char* write_buf;
char buf[BUFF_SIZE];
};
int setnonblocking(int fd)
{
int old_option = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
int new_option = old_option | O_NONBLOCK;
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, new_option);
return old_option;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
if(argc <= 2)
{
printf("usage: %s ip_address port_number\n",basename(argv[0]));
return 1;
}
const char* ip = argv[1];
int port = atoi(argv[2]);
int ret = 0;
struct sockaddr_in address;
bzero(&address, sizeof(address));
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, ip, &address.sin_addr);
address.sin_port = htons(port);
int listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
assert(listen >= 0);
ret = bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&address, sizeof(address));
assert(listenfd != -1);
ret = listen(listenfd, 5);
assert(ret != -1);
/* 创建users数组,分配FD_LIMIT个client_data对象。可以预期:每个可能的socket连接
都可以获得一个这样的对象,并且socket的值可以直接用来索引(作为数组的下标)socket连接
对应的client_data对象,这是将socket和客户数据关联的简单而高效的方式 */
struct client_data* users = (struct client_data*)malloc(sizeof(struct client_data) * FD_LIMIT);
/* 尽管我们分配了足够多的client_data对象,但为了提高poll的性能,仍然有必要限制用户数量 */
struct pollfd fds[USER_LIMIT + 1];
int user_counter = 0;
for(int i =1; i <= USER_LIMIT; ++i)
{
fds[i].fd = -1;
fds[i].events = 0;
}
fds[0].fd = listenfd;
fds[0].events = POLLIN | POLLERR;
fds[0].revents = 0;
while(1)
{
ret = poll(fds, user_counter + 1, -1);
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("poll failure\n");
break;
}
for(int i = 0; i < user_counter + 1; ++i)
{
if((fds[i].fd == listenfd) && (fds[i].revents & POLLIN))
{
struct sockaddr_in client_address;
socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof(client_address);
int connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_address, &client_addrlength);
if(connfd < 0)
{
printf("errno is: %d\n",errno);
continue;
}
//如果请求过多,则关闭新到的连接
if(user_counter >= USER_LIMIT)
{
const char* info = "too many users\n";
printf("%s",info);
send(connfd, info, strlen(info), 0);
close(connfd);
continue;
}
/* 对于新的连接,同时修改fds和users数组。前文提到,users[connfd]对应于
新连接文件描述符connfd的客户数据 */
++user_counter;
users[connfd].address = client_address;
setnonblocking(connfd);
fds[user_counter].fd = connfd;
fds[user_counter].events = POLLIN | POLLRDHUP | POLLERR;
fds[user_counter].revents = 0;
printf("comes a new user, now have %d users\n", user_counter);
}
else if(fds[i].revents & POLLERR)
{
printf("get an error from %d\n", fds[i].fd);
char errors[100];
memset(errors, '\0', 100);
socklen_t length = sizeof(errors);
if(getsockopt(fds[i].fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &errors, &length) < 0)
{
printf("get socket option failed\n");
}
continue;
}
else if(fds[i].revents & POLLRDHUP)
{
/* 如果客户端关闭连接,则服务器端也关闭对应的连接,并将用户总数减1 */
users[fds[i].fd] = users[fds[user_counter].fd];
close(fds[i].fd);
fds[i] = fds[user_counter];
--i;
--user_counter;
printf("a client left\n");
}
else if(fds[i].revents & POLLIN)
{
int connfd = fds[i].fd;
memset(users[connfd].buf, '\0', BUFF_SIZE);
ret = recv(connfd , users[connfd].buf, BUFF_SIZE-1, 0);
printf("get %d bytes of client data %s from %d\n",ret, users[connfd].buf, connfd);
if(ret < 0)
{
//如果读操作出错,则关闭连接
if(errno != EAGAIN)
{
close(connfd);
users[fds[i].fd] = users[fds[user_counter].fd];
fds[i] = fds[user_counter];
--i;
--user_counter;
}
}
else if(ret == 0)
{
}
else
{
//如果接收到客户数据,则通知其他socket连接准备写数据
for(int j = 1; j <= user_counter; ++j)
{
if(fds[j].fd == connfd)
{
continue;
}
fds[j].events |= ~POLLIN;
fds[j].events |= POLLOUT;
users[fds[j].fd].write_buf = users[connfd].buf;
}
}
}
else if(fds[i].revents & POLLOUT)
{
int connfd = fds[i].fd;
if(!users[connfd].write_buf)
{
continue;
}
ret = send(connfd, users[connfd].write_buf, strlen(users[connfd].write_buf),0);
users[connfd].write_buf = NULL;
fds[i].events |= ~POLLOUT;
fds[i].events |= POLLIN;
}
}
}
free(users);
close(listenfd);
return 0;
}