From wiki:
some basic characters:
encapsulation, modularity,polymorphism, and inheritance
Some basic concepts:
Class, defines the abstract characteristics of an object(thing)
Object, a pattern (exampler) of a class
Intance, the instance is the actual object created at the runtime
Method, an object's abilities
Abstraction, it is simplifing complex reality by modelling class appropriate the problem
Encapsulation, conseals the functional details of a class from object that send message to it
Polymorphism, allow the programmer to treat derived class members just like their parents members
Decoupling, allows for the separation of object interactions from classes and inheritance into distinct layers of abstraction