关于Servlet的点滴

Servlet的生命周期方法

通过Log输出的方式，查看Servlet的生命周期方法,下面模拟发起的是get请求

public class ServletTest01 extends HttpServlet {

	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)throws ServletException, IOException {
		resp.getWriter().write("this is a pig...........");
		System.out.println("---doGet------wyk--->");
	}
		
	@Override
	public void init() throws ServletException {
		System.out.println("----init--wyk>");
		super.init();
	}
		
	@Override
	protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)throws ServletException, IOException {
		resp.getWriter().write("this is a test demo");
		System.out.println("----service--wyk>");
		super.service(req, resp);
	}
		
	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		System.out.println("----destroy--wyk>");
		super.destroy();
	}
}

输出结果

----init--wyk>
----service--wyk>
---doGet------wyk--->
----destroy--wyk>

可以得知执行顺序： init----->service----->doGet------>destroy

生命周期方法的职责：

方法	作用
init	Servlet被创建的时候调用
service	每次请求过来会被调用,将请求进行分发，将请求传递给doGet()或doPost()或者其他请求方法
destroy	Servlet被移除出服务器的时候调用

HttpRequest

1.获取请求信息

public class MyHttpServlet01 extends HttpServlet {
		
		@Override
		protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
				throws ServletException, IOException {	
			
			String method = req.getMethod();			//请求方式
			String uri = req.getRequestURI();			//请求资源
			String protocol = req.getProtocol(); 		//协议版本
			
			System.out.println("请求行：--请求方式---->" + method + "--请求资源---->" +uri + "--协议版本--->" +protocol);
			
			//获取请求头信息
			Enumeration<String> requestHeaders = req.getHeaderNames();
			for(;requestHeaders.hasMoreElements();){
				String name = requestHeaders.nextElement();
				String header = req.getHeader(name); 
				System.out.println("------请求头信息------>" + name +"-----value--"+header); 
			}
			
	//		打印的信息：
	//		
	//		--请求方式---->GET--请求资源---->/HelloWorld/MyHttpServlet--协议版本--->HTTP/1.1
	//		------请求头信息------>host-----value--localhost:8080
	//		------请求头信息------>user-agent-----value--Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:50.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/50.0
	//		------请求头信息------>accept-----value--text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
	//		------请求行信息------>accept-language-----value--zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
	//		------请求头信息------>accept-encoding-----value--gzip, deflate
	//		------请求头信息------>connection-----value--keep-alive
	//		------请求头信息------>upgrade-insecure-requests-----value--1
			
	}
}

2.通过请求头获取用户目前使用的浏览器类型

public class MyHttpServlet02 extends HttpServlet{
		/**
		 * 注意：contains("")  区分字母大小写的
		 */
		@Override
		protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
				throws ServletException, IOException {
			String user_agent = req.getHeader("user-agent");
			if(user_agent.contains("chrome")){
				 System.out.println("谷歌");
			}
			if(user_agent.contains("ie")){
				System.out.println("IE浏览器");
			}
			if(user_agent.contains("Firefox")){
				System.out.println("火狐");
			}	
		}
	
		@Override
		protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
				throws ServletException, IOException {	
			doGet(req,resp);
		}
}

3.防盗链功能

public class MyHttpServlet03 extends HttpServlet{

		@Override
		protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
				throws ServletException, IOException {
	
			//setContentType():修改response(默认码表为iso8859-1)默认的码表，
			//但如果输出中文，浏览器可能还是乱码，
			//因为并没告诉浏览器用哪种码表解码，所以浏览器还是使用了默认的码表，
			//下面的api可以解决这一问题
			//response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");	

			resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");			
			PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
			String header = req.getHeader("referer");
			if(header=="" || header.contains("ad.html")){
				writer.write("下载中...");
			}else{
				writer.write("非官方链接下载，无效!!!");
			}
		}
		@Override
		protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
				throws ServletException, IOException {
			doGet(req, resp);
		}
}

4.使用缓存

	/**
	 * 如果Servlet的代码需要使用缓存，那么一定要重写getLastModified方法
	 * 进到HttpServlet的源码里看Service方法，可以看到doGet和doPost就是在service方法进行判断调用的，
	 * 在里面可以看到当请求方式为get的时候，会去判别是否使用浏览器的缓存，
	 * 可以看到是否使用缓存的关键点是getLastModified这个方法，而这个getLastModified方法的默认返回值为-1，
	 * 所以如果我们需要用到缓存，那么就需要重写getLastModified这个方法来获取服务端文件的最近修改时间去返回，
	 * 这样当get请求的时候，才可能用到浏览器的缓存
	 * 
	 * 如果请求的是一个静态页面，一般情况下浏览器会使用缓存的；
	 * 动态web资源除了get请求以外，其他都不使用缓存的，而Servlet的get请求默认也是不使用缓存的
	 */
public class MyHttpServlet04 extends HttpServlet {
	
		public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
				throws ServletException, IOException {
			
			try{
			FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\ddd.txt");
			OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
			
			byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
			int len = 0;
			while((len=inputStream.read(buf))!=-1){
				outputStream.write(buf,0,len);
			}
			inputStream.close();
			}catch(Exception ex){
				//
			}
			System.out.println("========请求服务端资源成功========="); 
		}
		@Override
		protected long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest req) {
			File file = new File("D:\\ddd.txt");
			return file.lastModified();
		}
	
		public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
				throws ServletException, IOException {
			doGet(request,response);
		}
}

HttpResponse

1.通过响应头告知浏览器要以下载的方式处理文件

public class DownLoadServlet extends HttpServlet {

		public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
				throws ServletException, IOException {
			
			File file = new File("d:\\yh.png");
			System.out.println("====Name===>" + file.getName());
			
			//可以从浏览器拿到的响应头 看到 content-disposition: attachment;filename=yh.png(content设置：附件、文件名)
		//	response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment");通知浏览器以文件下载的形式处理
			//文件下载的时候对文件名称进行URL编码，使用utf-8，各大厂商定的规则
			response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+URLEncoder.encode(file.getName(),"utf-8"));
			
			OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
			FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
			byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
			int len = 0;
			while((len=inputStream.read(buf))!=-1){
				outputStream.write(buf,0,len);
			}
			inputStream.close();
		}
	
		public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
				throws ServletException, IOException {
			doGet(request, response);
		}
}

2.将文件进行压缩后输出到浏览器

public class GzipServlet extends HttpServlet{

		@Override
		protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
				throws ServletException, IOException {
			//告诉浏览器我传输给你的文件是gzip压缩的，先解压再显示
			resp.setHeader("content-encoding", "gzip");
			OutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
			
			StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
			for(int i=0;i<150;i++){
				builder.append("abcde" + i);
			}
			System.out.println("----No Gzip---->" + builder.toString().length());		//1090
			//压缩之后，通过谷歌浏览器的请求头信息查看大小是310
			
			GZIPOutputStream gzipOutputStream = new GZIPOutputStream(outputStream);
			gzipOutputStream.write(builder.toString().getBytes());
			
			gzipOutputStream.finish();
		}
		@Override
		protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
				throws ServletException, IOException {
			doGet(req, resp);
		}
}

3.设置响应头，让其重定向，页面重新跳转

public class LocationServlet extends HttpServlet {
		
		public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
				throws ServletException, IOException {
	
			/*response.setStatus(302);		//302是重定向；
			response.setHeader("location","/HelloWorld/ad.html");*/
			
			response.sendRedirect("/HelloWorld/ad.html");	//该代码==上面的两句
		}
		public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
				throws ServletException, IOException {
			doGet(request,response);
		}
}

4.通知浏览器不要产生缓存文件

	/**
	 *  Expires: -1					　　 	--不缓存
	 *	Cache-Control: no-cache  		--不缓存
	 *	Pragma: no-cache   				--不缓存
	 */
public class NoCacheServlet extends HttpServlet {
		
		public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
				throws ServletException, IOException {
			//不同浏览器所需要的头不一样, 凡是涉及到密码的页面信息都不要产生缓存文件， 
			//容易造成信息外泄。（所以三种都写）
			response.setHeader("Expires", "-1");
			response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
			response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
			
			//response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
			response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
			
			response.getWriter().write("当前的系统时间==" + System.currentTimeMillis());
	
		}
		public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
				throws ServletException, IOException {
			doGet(request, response);
		}
}

5.设置浏览器定时刷新或跳转

public class RefreshServlet extends HttpServlet {

		public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
				throws ServletException, IOException {
		
			//response.setHeader("refresh", "1");		//告知浏览器，每秒刷新一次
			response.setHeader("refresh","3;url=/HelloWorld/index.jsp");//指定秒数，然后定时跳转
		}
		public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
				throws ServletException, IOException {
			doGet(request, response);
		}
}

补充

get和post请求方式的区别

• 1.get的数据携带在Url后面，post的数据则在实体内容；

• 2.get携带的数据信息不可大于1kb，post则无限制；

• 3.get不能用于提交敏感数据，post可用于提交敏感数据；

• 4.get提交方式会产生缓存文件，post提交方式不会产生缓存文件