互斥量
概述
互斥量又称互斥锁,一般用于共享资源的互斥排他性访问保护。
互斥量在任意时刻处于且仅会处于解锁或锁定状态,当一个任务获取到一把锁后(互斥量锁定),其他任务再尝试获得这把锁时会失败或进入阻塞状态,当该任务释放持有的锁时(互斥量解锁),会唤醒一个正阻塞等待此互斥量的任务,被唤醒的任务将会获取这把锁。
在多任务运行环境中,有些共享资源不具有多线程可重入性,对于这类不希望被多任务同时访问的资源(临界资源),可以采用互斥量来进行保护,后面的编程实例章节会演示这一编程范式。
API讲解
编程实例
1、在tos_config.h中,配置互斥量组件开关TOS_CFG_MUTEX_EN:
#define TOS_CFG_MUTEX_EN 1u
2、编写main.c示例代码:
#include "tos.h" #include "mcu_init.h" #define STK_SIZE_TASK_WRITER 512 #define STK_SIZE_TASK_READER 512 k_stack_t stack_task_writer[STK_SIZE_TASK_WRITER]; k_stack_t stack_task_reader[STK_SIZE_TASK_READER]; k_task_t task_writer; k_task_t task_reader; extern void entry_task_writer(void *arg); extern void entry_task_reader(void *arg); k_mutex_t critical_resource_locker; // 一片临界区内存 static uint32_t critical_resource[3]; static void write_critical_resource(int salt) { size_t i = 0; // 此函数每次向共享内存中按递增顺序写入三个无符号整数 printf("writting critical resource:\n"); for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) { printf("%d\t", salt + i); critical_resource[i] = salt + i; } printf("\n"); } void entry_task_writer(void *arg) { size_t salt = 0; k_err_t err; while (K_TRUE) { // 在向临界区写入数据之前,先尝试获取临界区保护锁 err = tos_mutex_pend(&critical_resource_locker); if (err == K_ERR_NONE) { // 成功获取锁之后,向临界区写入数据 write_critical_resource(salt); // 写完数据后,释放互斥锁 tos_mutex_post(&critical_resource_locker); } tos_task_delay(1000); ++salt; } } static void read_critical_resource(void) { size_t i = 0; // 从临界区读取数据 printf("reading critical resource:\n"); for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) { printf("%d\t", critical_resource[i]); } printf("\n"); } void entry_task_reader(void *arg) { k_err_t err; while (K_TRUE) { // 读取临界区数据之前,先尝试获取临界区保护锁 err = tos_mutex_pend(&critical_resource_locker); if (err == K_ERR_NONE) { // 成功获取锁之后,从临界区读取数据 read_critical_resource(); // 读取数据完毕后,释放互斥锁 tos_mutex_post(&critical_resource_locker); } tos_task_delay(1000); } } int main(void) { board_init(); tos_knl_init(); // 创建临界区保护互斥锁 tos_mutex_create(&critical_resource_locker); (void)tos_task_create(&task_writer, "writer", entry_task_writer, NULL, 4, stack_task_writer, STK_SIZE_TASK_WRITER, 0); (void)tos_task_create(&task_reader, "reader", entry_task_reader, NULL, 4, stack_task_reader, STK_SIZE_TASK_READER, 0); tos_knl_start(); }
运行效果
writting critical resource: 0 1 2 reading critical resource: 0 1 2 writting critical resource: 1 2 3 reading critical resource: 1 2 3 writting critical resource: 2 3 4 reading critical resource: 2 3 4 writting critical resource: 3 4 5 reading critical resource: 3 4 5 writting critical resource: 4 5 6 reading critical resource: 4 5 6 writting critical resource: 5 6 7 reading critical resource: 5 6 7 writting critical resource: 6 7 8 reading critical resource: 6 7 8 writting critical resource: 7 8 9 reading critical resource: 7 8 9