【JavaSE】Java包装类&装箱|拆箱&常量池

Java包装类&装箱|拆箱&常量池

Java包装类包括：Byte、Short、Integer、Long、Float、Double、Character、Boolean

装箱&拆箱

装箱：valueOf()

拆箱：xxxValue()

整型包装类

问题1：

Integer i = 500;
Integer i3 = 500;
Integer i2 = new Integer(500);
System.out.println(i==i2);
System.out.println(i==i3);

问题2：

Integer x = 10;
Integer y = 10;
Integer x1 = new Integer(10);
System.out.println(x==x1);
System.out.println(x==y);

问题1中输出：false、false

问题2中输出：true、false

解释：

Integer x = 10; 这种方式装箱（编译后）等同于Integer x = Integer.valueOf(10);

Integer类的部分源码：

/**
     * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
     * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
     *
     * The cache is initialized on first usage.  The size of the cache
     * may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
     * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
     * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
     * sun.misc.VM class.
     */
private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];

        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                try {
                    int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                    i = Math.max(i, 127);
                    // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                    h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
                } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
                }
            }
            high = h;

            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);

            // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
            assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
        }

        private IntegerCache() {}
} 

public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
     if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
         return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
     return new Integer(i);
}

可以看到

• Integer类中静态持有了一个Integer缓存池[-127, 128]，IntegerCache为Integer类的缓存类，默认缓存了-128~127的Integer值

• valueOf方法当i值处于[-127, 128]范围中时直接返回缓存池中的实例

• 10在范围内所以返回true，500在范围外所以返回false

• 而new Integer(10)是直接在堆上创建了新的对象，故不为同一对象

Byte（Byte b = 1;方式只会从缓存中取）、Short、Long中也有相同的现象。

Character

public static Character valueOf(char c) {
    if (c <= 127) { // must cache
         return CharacterCache.cache[(int)c];
    }
    return new Character(c);
}

Character也持有一个缓存池。

Boolean

 public static Boolean valueOf(boolean b) {
        return (b ? TRUE : FALSE);
 }

Float&Double

 public static Float valueOf(float f) {
        return new Float(f);
}

 public static Double valueOf(double d) {
        return new Double(d);
 }

总结一下

以下包装类持有常量池：

类	区间	设置上限
Integer	[-128,127]	-XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=
Short	[-128,127]	不可设置
Long	[-128,127]	不可设置
Byte	[-128,127]	不可设置
Character	[0,127]	不可设置