序列化 和 transient

1. 序列化概念

变量从内存中变成可存储或传输的过程称之为序列化。

2. 实现序列化的两种方式

• 实现Serilizable接口， 所有序列化自动进行
• 实现Externalizable接口， 需在writeExternal方法中指定序列化的变量

3.  transient

     添加在变量前， 避免变量序列化（Note：包含变量的类实现了Serilizable接口）

4. 代码小样

    1） 实现Serilizable接口

package transienTest;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;

public class TransientTest {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername("teset user");
        user.setPasswd("123456");

        System.out.println("read before Serializable: ");
        System.out.println("username: " + user.getUsername());
        System.err.println("password: " + user.getPasswd());
        
        try {
            ObjectOutputStream os = new ObjectOutputStream(
                    new FileOutputStream("C:/user.txt"));
            os.writeObject(user);
            os.flush();
            os.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            ObjectInputStream is = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(
                    "C:/user.txt"));
            user = (User) is.readObject();
            is.close();
            System.out.println("\nread after Serializable: ");
            System.out.println("username: " + user.getUsername());
            System.err.println("password: " + user.getPasswd());
            
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

class User implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 8294180014912103005L;  
    
    private String username;
    private String passwd;
    
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    
    public String getPasswd() {
        return passwd;
    }
    
    public void setPasswd(String passwd) {
        this.passwd = passwd;
    }

}

结果如下：

read before Serializable: 
password: 123456
username: teset user

read after Serializable: 
username: teset user
password: 123456

2）  实现Serilizable接口并且填加transient 给 user 的passwd变量

    private transient String passwd;

结果如下：

read before Serializable: 
password: 123456
username: teset user

read after Serializable: 
username: teset user
password: null

3）实现Externalizable接口

package transienTest;

import java.io.Externalizable;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInput;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutput;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

public class ExternalizableTest implements Externalizable {

    private transient String content = "被序列化，与是否被transient关键字修饰无关";

    @Override
    public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
        out.writeObject(content);
    }

    @Override
    public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException,
            ClassNotFoundException {
        content = (String) in.readObject();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        ExternalizableTest et = new ExternalizableTest();
        ObjectOutput out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(
                new File("test")));
        out.writeObject(et);

        ObjectInput in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File(
                "test")));
        et = (ExternalizableTest) in.readObject();
        System.out.println(et.content);

        out.close();
        in.close();
    }
}

运行结果如下：被序列化，与是否被transient关键字修饰无关。