（六）Spring Cloud实践：使用Netflix Zuul实现路由和过滤

呵呵，终于到最后一篇，实现了一个小目标。

Spring Cloud Netflix通过zuul组件实现路由和过滤。路由是整个微服务框架的一个组成部分，可以通过反斜线开头的字符串来实现各种服务和web应用的映射。Zuul提供了一种基于JVM的路由和服务端的负载均衡。

下面我们具体来看一下如何创建一个zuul模块，即模块7 zuulservice，其pom.xml文件内容为：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>com.xinhuanet</groupId>
	<artifactId>zuulservice</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>zuulservice</name>
	<description>zuul网关</description>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.M1</spring-cloud.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

	<repositories>
		<repository>
			<id>spring-milestones</id>
			<name>Spring Milestones</name>
			<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
			<snapshots>
				<enabled>false</enabled>
			</snapshots>
		</repository>
	</repositories>


</project>

配置文件application.yml添加如下内容：

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8080/eureka/
server:
  port: 8093
spring:
  application:
    name: zuul-service
zuul:
  routes:
    ribbon:
      path: /api-ribbon/**
      serviceId: ribbon-service
    feign:
      path: /api-feign/**
      serviceId: feign-service
  ignored-services: '*'

其中，包含两个路由配置，一个路由到ribbon-service，一个路由到feign-service，通过serviceId实现微服务发现，path指定了路由的地址映射关系。

启动文件内容如下：

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ZuulserviceApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(ZuulserviceApplication.class, args);
	}
}

启动zuulservice，然后在浏览器地址栏输入：http://localhost:8093/api-ribbon/，就可以直接路由到http://localhost:8091/；同样输入http://localhost:8093/api-feign/，就可以路由到http://localhost:8092/

以上配置实现了zuul路由，下面将简单介绍zuul过滤。

通过zuul实现过滤，需要接口ZuulFilter，就可以对请求进行筛选 和过滤。比如下面就是一个官网实现的Post过滤器。

public class AddResponseHeaderFilter extends ZuulFilter {
	@Override
	public String filterType() {
		return POST_TYPE;
	}

	@Override
	public int filterOrder() {
		return SEND_RESPONSE_FILTER_ORDER - 1;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean shouldFilter() {
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public Object run() {
		RequestContext context = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
    	HttpServletResponse servletResponse = context.getResponse();
		servletResponse.addHeader("X-Sample", UUID.randomUUID().toString());
		return null;
	}
}

到此为止，可以将Spring cloud应用到简单的项目中，当然，要用好每一个组件，还需要进一步研究。