linux内核链表回顾-（2）

Linux 2.6.24 关于链表

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源码：/include/linux/list.h

<1>.链表声明并初始化：

struct list_head {
    struct list_head *next, *prev;
};
#define LIST_HEAD_INIT(name) { &(name), &(name) }
#define LIST_HEAD(name) \
    struct list_head name = LIST_HEAD_INIT(name)

直接传一个名字，链表初始化并赋值，next，prev均指向自己。
例如：

Static LIST_HEAD(mylist);

注：初始化也可用使用如下函数（与上面等价）：

static inline void INIT_LIST_HEAD(struct list_head *list)
{
    list->next = list;
    list->prev = list;
}

<1>.list_add(new,head)用于在现存的head元素之后，紧接着插入new元素。

#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST
static inline void __list_add(struct list_head *new,
                  struct list_head *prev,
                  struct list_head *next)
{
    next->prev = new;
    new->next = next;
    new->prev = prev;
    prev->next = new;
}
#else
extern void __list_add(struct list_head *new,
                  struct list_head *prev,
                  struct list_head *next);
#endif
/**
 * list_add - add a new entry
 * @new: new entry to be added
 * @head: list head to add it after
 *
 * Insert a new entry after the specified head.
 * This is good for implementing stacks.
 */
#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST
static inline void list_add(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *head)
{
    __list_add(new, head, head->next);
}
#else
extern void list_add(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *head);
#endif

<3>.关于list_add_tail(new,head)函数：在head元素之前插入new.如果head为表头，由于是双向循环链表，这表示在链表尾插入一个new数据。

/**
 * list_add_tail - add a new entry
 * @new: new entry to be added
 * @head: list head to add it before
 *
 * Insert a new entry before the specified head.
 * This is useful for implementing queues.
 */
static inline void list_add_tail(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *head)
{
    __list_add(new, head->prev, head);
}

<4>.list_del(entry)用于从链表中删除一项

/*
 * Delete a list entry by making the prev/next entries
 * point to each other.
 *
 * This is only for internal list manipulation where we know
 * the prev/next entries already!
 */
static inline void __list_del(struct list_head * prev, struct list_head * next)
{
    next->prev = prev;
    prev->next = next;
}

/**
 * list_del - deletes entry from list.
 * @entry: the element to delete from the list.
 * Note: list_empty() on entry does not return true after this, the entry is
 * in an undefined state.
 */
#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST
static inline void list_del(struct list_head *entry)
{
    __list_del(entry->prev, entry->next);
    entry->next = LIST_POISON1;
    entry->prev = LIST_POISON2;
}
#else
extern void list_del(struct list_head *entry);
#endif

<5>.list_empty(head)测试head链表是否为空

/**
 * list_empty - tests whether a list is empty
 * @head: the list to test.
 */
static inline int list_empty(const struct list_head *head)
{
    return head->next == head;
}

<6>.list_splice(list,head),使用来合并两个链表，将list链表加入另一个链表的head元素之后。

static inline void __list_splice(struct list_head *list,
                 struct list_head *head)
{
    struct list_head *first = list->next;
    struct list_head *last = list->prev;
    struct list_head *at = head->next;

    first->prev = head;
    head->next = first;

    last->next = at;
    at->prev = last;
}

/**
 * list_splice - join two lists
 * @list: the new list to add.
 * @head: the place to add it in the first list.
 */
static inline void list_splice(struct list_head *list, struct list_head *head)
{
    if (!list_empty(list))
        __list_splice(list, head);
}

<7>.list_entry(ptr, type, member) 查找链表中指定元素所在结构实例的地址。Ptr是指向数据结构中list_head成员实例的一个指针，type是该数据结构的类型，member是数据结构中表示链表元素的成员名。
例如查找tack_struct的实例：
Struct task_struct = (ptr, struct task_struct , run_list)

/**
 * list_entry - get the struct for this entry
 * @ptr:    the &struct list_head pointer.
 * @type:   the type of the struct this is embedded in.
 * @member: the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 */
#define list_entry(ptr, type, member) \
    container_of(ptr, type, member)


/**
 * container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
 * @ptr:    the pointer to the member.
 * @type:   the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
 * @member: the name of the member within the struct.
 *
 */
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({          \
    const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);    \
    (type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})

#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t) &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)

<8>.遍历一个链表

/** 
 * list_for_each_entry  -   iterate over list of given type
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 * @member: the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member)              \
    for (pos = list_entry((head)->next, typeof(*pos), member);  \
         prefetch(pos->member.next), &pos->member != (head);    \
         pos = list_entry(pos->member.next, typeof(*pos), member))

参考：
《深入linux内核构架》
《linux设备驱动》