两个视图基类

APIVIEW

我们还是以五个接口为例，基于APIView + + 做五个接口：

models.py

from django.db import models

class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    price = models.IntegerField()
    publish = models.CharField(max_length=64)

views.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView
# Create your views here.
from .serializer import BookSerializer
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import Book


class BookView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        obj_list = Book.objects.all()
        serialize = BookSerializer(instance=obj_list, many=True)
        return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '查询成功', 'results':serialize.data})


    def post(self, request):
        serializer = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response({'code':100, 'msg': '添加成功'})
        else:
            return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': '添加失败'})

class BookDetailView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, pk):
        obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        serializer = BookSerializer(instance=obj)
        return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '查询成功', 'results': serializer.data})

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '删除成功'})

    def put(self, request, pk):
        obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        serializer = BookSerializer(instance=obj, data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response({'code':100, 'msg': '修改成功'})
        else:
            return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': '修改失败'})

serializer.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Book
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = '__all__'
 

GenericAPIView

首先，先导入GenericAPIView：

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView

然后，基于GenericAPIView+序列化类+Response 做五个接口：

views.py

from .serializer import BookSerializer
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import Book
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView

class BookView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()  # 查看所有数据
    serializer_class = BookSerializer  # 序列化类

    def get(self, request):
        # 使用get_queryset方法获取所有数据
        obj_list = self.get_queryset()
        # 使用序列化类，直接使用方法self.get_serializer
        serialize = self.get_serializer(instance=obj_list, many=True)
        return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '查询成功', 'results':serialize.data})


    def post(self, request):
        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response({'code':100, 'msg': '添加成功'})
        else:
            return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': '添加失败'})

class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, pk):
        obj = self.get_object()
        serializer = self.get_serializer(instance=obj)
        return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '查询成功', 'results': serializer.data})

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        self.get_object().delete()
        return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '删除成功'})

    def put(self, request, pk):
        obj = self.get_object()
        serializer = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response({'code':100, 'msg': '修改成功'})
        else:
            return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': '修改失败'})

继承GenericAPIView就是在继承APIView的基础上进行一层封装

总结：

1. 如果想写publish的五个接口，只需要改两个类属性就行
2. 两个类属性：

1. 1. queryset
   2. serializer_class

1. 三个方法：

1. 1. self.get_object()：用于获取特定对象实例。
   2. self.get_serializer()：用于获取序列化器实例。
   3. self.get_queryset()：用于获取查询集。