Linux 初级操作指令

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-02 21:45:16 发布

youmeyoume2165

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-02 21:45:16 发布

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文章标签： linux 运维服务器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/youmeyoume2165/article/details/125869578

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前言：作为一个linux初学者，发现往往一些问题根源就在于单词的大小写，以及空行的使用。再者面对一些尤其是带选项类，看清内容再进行输入（昨天的yum检查兼容性就吃了大亏）

1.0.1 操作与显示当前路径.

1.显示当前路径：pwd

[root@localhost /]# pwd
/
[root@localhost /]#

2.返回用户主目录：cd

[root@localhost /]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# pwd
/root
[root@localhost ~]#

3.改变到其它路径：cd Desktop/

[root@localhost ~]# cd Desktop/
[root@localhost Desktop]#

4.返回到上一级目录：cd ..

[root@localhost Desktop]# cd ..
[root@localhost ~]#

5.返回到根目录：cd /

[root@localhost ~]# cd /
[root@localhost /]#

（注：.代表当前目录 .. 代表上一级目录。）

2.0.2：检查目录空间大小

1. 查看当前文件夹大小

[root@localhost Desktop]# du -sh
4.0K .
[root@localhost Desktop]#

2.查看文件的大小

[root@localhost Desktop]# du -h setup.sh
4.0K setup.sh
[root@localhost Desktop]#

2.0.3：查看文本文件内容

常用的命令有：cat, more, less. cat 只能看见最后末尾，开始的部分看不见。more 可以逐页查看，less 可以逐行查看并有搜索（/关键字）功能。

1.使用cat进行查看文件

[root@localhost Desktop]# cat -n setup.sh
1   #!/bin/bash
2
3   mkdir /labs
4   mkdir /stage
5   mkdir /stage/databases
6   mkdir /stage/MySQL-Server
7   mkdir /stage/MySQL-Shell
8   mkdir /stage/MySQL-EM
9   mkdir /stage/MySQL-WB
10   mkdir /stage/MySQL-WB/dependencies
11
12   unzip /modules/p30416104_570_Linux-x86-64.zip *.gz -d /stage/MySQL-Server
13   unzip /modules/p30416974_580_Linux-x86-64.zip *.gz -d /stage/MySQL-Server
14   unzip /modules/p30417240_580_Linux-x86-64.zip *.tar -d /stage/MySQL-Server
15
16   unzip /modules/p30416047_800_Linux-x86-64.zip -d /stage/MySQL-Shell
17   unzip /modules/p30485437_800_Linux-x86-64.zip -d /stage/MySQL-EM
18   unzip /modules/p30417246_800_Linux-x86-64.zip -d /stage/MySQL-WB
19   unzip /modules/dependencies.zip -d /stage/MySQL-WB/dependencies
20
21   unzip /modules/databases.zip -d /stage/databases
22   unzip /modules/labs.zip -d /labs
23
24
25   +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
26
[root@localhost Desktop]#

2.创建一个新的文件

[root@localhost Desktop]# cat > c_new.txt
[root@localhost Desktop]#

已在桌面生存新文件——c_new.txt

3.合并两个文件的内容

[root@localhost Desktop]# cat youme.txt c_new.txt > test1.txt
[root@localhost Desktop]#

4.清空某个文件的内容

[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /dev/null >c_new.txt
[root@localhost Desktop]# cat -n c_new.txt
[root@localhost Desktop]#

2.0.4 显示文件/文件夹清单

1. 显示所有文件，包括以.开头的隐含文件

[root@localhost ~]# ls -a
- .bashrc Documents .mylogin.cnf .tcshrc
. .cache Downloads .mysql_history Templates
.. .config .esd_auth .mysqlsh testmod
anaconda-ks.cfg .cshrc .ICEauthority mytest Videos
.bash_history .dbus initial-setup-ks.cfg p
.bash_logout Desktop .local Pictures
.bash_profile dirtest Music Public
[root@localhost ~]#

2. 显示文件的详细信息

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l
total 12
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:52 -
-rw-------. 1 root root 2262 Sep 2 2021 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 73 Jul 20 12:53 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:51 dirtest
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Downloads
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2310 Sep 2 2021 initial-setup-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 19 Jul 19 10:53 mytest
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:52 p
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 19 12:58 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Templates
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:54 testmod
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Videos
[root@localhost ~]#

3. 以时间排序显示目录

[root@localhost ~]# ls -tl
total 12
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 73 Jul 20 12:53 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 19 12:58 Pictures
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:54 testmod
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 19 Jul 19 10:53 mytest
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:52 p
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:52 -
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:51 dirtest
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Videos
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2310 Sep 2 2021 initial-setup-ks.cfg
-rw-------. 1 root root 2262 Sep 2 2021 anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@localhost ~]#

4. 以文件大小排序

[root@localhost ~]# ls -sl
total 12
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:52 -
4 -rw-------. 1 root root 2262 Sep 2 2021 anaconda-ks.cfg
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 73 Jul 20 12:53 Desktop
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:51 dirtest
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Documents
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Downloads
4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2310 Sep 2 2021 initial-setup-ks.cfg
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Music
0 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 19 Jul 19 10:53 mytest
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:52 p
4 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 19 12:58 Pictures
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Public
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Templates
0 drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:54 testmod
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Videos
[root@localhost ~]#

5. 显示文件信息并按大小逆序排序

[root@localhost ~]# ls -slSr
total 12
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Videos
0 drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:54 testmod
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Templates
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Public
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:52 p
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Music
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Downloads
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 2 2021 Documents
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:51 dirtest
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 19 10:52 -
0 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 19 Jul 19 10:53 mytest
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 73 Jul 20 12:53 Desktop
4 -rw-------. 1 root root 2262 Sep 2 2021 anaconda-ks.cfg
4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2310 Sep 2 2021 initial-setup-ks.cfg
4 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 19 12:58 Pictures
[root@localhost ~]#