使用BlockingQueue进行线程间通信（java）

我们可以使用管道进行线程间通信，Java IO中提供了PipedWriter类和PipedReader类让线程间通信，《Java编程思想》在21.5.5节提供了例子。但是，Java提供了更健壮和容易的方式，即阻塞队列BlockingQueue来解决所有线程间协作的问题。所以，我们可以用BlockingQueue来实现线程间通信，原理很简单，一个线程向队列中添加元素，而另一个线程从队列中获取元素。

贴代码：（修改21.5.5的PipedIO.java，参考了21.5.4的吐司BlockingQueue程序ToastOMatic.java）

import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;

class MessageQueue extends LinkedBlockingQueue<Character> {}

class Sender implements Runnable {
    private Random rand = new Random(47);
    private MessageQueue messageQueue;
    public Sender(MessageQueue mq) { messageQueue = mq; }
    public void run() {
        try {
            while(!Thread.interrupted())
                for (char c = 'A'; c <= 'z'; c++) {
                    messageQueue.put(c);
                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(rand.nextInt(500));
                }
        } catch(InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println(e + " Sender sleep interrupted");
        }
    }
}

class Receiver implements Runnable {
    private MessageQueue messageQueue;
    public Receiver(MessageQueue mq) { messageQueue = mq; }
    public void run() {
        try {
            while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
                System.out.print("Read: " + messageQueue.take() + ", ");
            }
        } catch(InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println(e + " Receiver read exception");
        }
    }
}

public class BlockingQueueIO {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        MessageQueue messageQueue = new MessageQueue();
        ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        exec.execute(new Sender(messageQueue));
        exec.execute(new Receiver(messageQueue));
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
        exec.shutdownNow();
    }
} 

编译并运行之后结果：

Read: A, Read: B, Read: C, Read: D, Read: E, Read: F, Read: G, Read: H, Read: I, Read: J, Read: K, Read: L, Read: M, Read: N, Read: O, Read: P, Read: Q, java.lang.InterruptedException Receiver read exception
java.lang.InterruptedException: sleep interrupted Sender sleep interrupted

我们可以看到，Sender和Receiver两个线程共用一个BlockingQueue，更多的线程都能使用同一个阻塞队列进行通信。每个线程都只和这个BlockingQueue通信，线程之间实际上没有直接的通信。而使用管道，其实两个线程是耦合在一起的。