剑指Offer系列40—最小的K个数

题意

输入整数数组 arr ，找出其中最小的 k 个数。例如，输入4、5、1、6、2、7、3、8这8个数字，则最小的4个数字是1、2、3、4。

题解

方法一：排序

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> getLeastNumbers(vector<int>& arr, int k) {
        vector<int> vec(k, 0);
        sort(arr.begin(), arr.end());
        for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
            vec[i] = arr[i];
        }
        return vec;
    }
};

方法二：堆

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> getLeastNumbers(vector<int>& arr, int k) {
        vector<int>vec(k, 0);
        if (k == 0) { // 排除 0 的情况
            return vec;
        }
        priority_queue<int> Q;
        for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
            Q.push(arr[i]);
        }
        for (int i = k; i < (int)arr.size(); ++i) {
            if (Q.top() > arr[i]) {
                Q.pop();
                Q.push(arr[i]);
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
            vec[i] = Q.top();
            Q.pop();
        }
        return vec;
    }
};

方法三：快排

class Solution {
    int partition(vector<int>& nums, int l, int r) {
        int pivot = nums[r];
        int i = l - 1;
        for (int j = l; j <= r - 1; ++j) {
            if (nums[j] <= pivot) {
                i = i + 1;
                swap(nums[i], nums[j]);
            }
        }
        swap(nums[i + 1], nums[r]);
        return i + 1;
    }
    // 基于随机的划分
    int randomized_partition(vector<int>& nums, int l, int r) {
        int i = rand() % (r - l + 1) + l;
        swap(nums[r], nums[i]);
        return partition(nums, l, r);
    }
    void randomized_selected(vector<int>& arr, int l, int r, int k) {
        if (l >= r) {
            return;
        }
        int pos = randomized_partition(arr, l, r);
        int num = pos - l + 1;
        if (k == num) {
            return;
        } else if (k < num) {
            randomized_selected(arr, l, pos - 1, k);
        } else {
            randomized_selected(arr, pos + 1, r, k - num);
        }
    }
public:
    vector<int> getLeastNumbers(vector<int>& arr, int k) {
        srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
        randomized_selected(arr, 0, (int)arr.size() - 1, k);
        vector<int> vec;
        for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
            vec.push_back(arr[i]);
        }
        return vec;
    }
};