2021-08-03 C#窗体开发 子线程访问UI主线程，并且修改UI上的控件显示

在工作中碰到了，在.Net C#窗体开发中怎么创建多线程（子线程），并且从子线程访问UI主线程，修改UI上的控件显示，我在此记录一下。
在对我们公司购买的线性激光仪器进行测试的过程中，原来的测试软件能够很好的对仪器进行各种数值的测试，最后能在屏幕上显示出来。但是领导要求我修改原代码使之能够同时进行6个测试。我马上想到了开6个线程。在经过对原代码的阅读后，我看到原来代码是在点击“开始”按钮后，启动一个子线程进行测试的：

private void buttonStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Thread testAtinyThread1 = new Thread(testAtiny);
            
            testAtinyThread1.Start();
            

        }

并且有一个专门的子程序进行对UI窗体上的控件更新。

private void DisplayResult(object obj)
        {
            labelHour.Text = totalSpan.TotalHours.ToString("F0");
            labelMinute.Text = totalSpan.Minutes.ToString();
            labelSecond.Text = totalSpan.Seconds.ToString();

            labelTotalConnectNum.Text = TotalFrameCount.ToString();
            labelConnectFailNum.Text = FailedFrameCount.ToString();
            labelConnectFailRate.Text = ((FailedFrameCount * 100.0) / (TotalFrameCount * 1.0)).ToString("F2");
            labelDataExceptionNum.Text = DataExceptionCount.ToString();
            labelDataExceptionRate.Text = ((DataExceptionCount * 100.0) / (TotalFrameCount * 1.0)).ToString("F2");

            labelSuccessConnNum.Text = (TotalFrameCount - FailedFrameCount).ToString();

            labelStdDev.Text = stdDeviation.ToString();
            labelAvgDev.Text = Avg.ToString("F3");
            labelCurrentSpan.Text = currentSpan.Milliseconds.ToString();
            labelAvgSpan.Text = (totalSpan.TotalMilliseconds / TotalFrameCount).ToString("F0");

        }

其中是通过下面这条语句通知UI进行更新的：

SynchronizationContext syncContext;
syncContext.Post(DisplayResult, null);

它也是在一个while循环语句中：

while (enableTest)
            {
                CheckData(ref frameData);

                DateTime currentTime = DateTime.Now;

                totalSpan = currentTime.Subtract(startTime);
                totalSpan = currentTime.Subtract(startTime);

                currentSpan = currentTime.Subtract(lastTime);

                lastTime = currentTime;

                syncContext.Post(DisplayResult, null);
                Console.WriteLine(myID + ", displayresult");
            }

而与线性激光器的通讯是通过ip地址访问。

myIp = textBox_IP.Text;
//MessageBox.Show("myIp="+myIp);
ErrorCode errorCode;

errorCode = GBLMDevice.SetDeviceTriggerMode(myIp, false);

我最初想就new6个窗体，每个窗体就是原来代码的窗体，并且对应不同的ip地址不就行了？

private void button_Start_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Form1 form1 = new Form1(1);
            form1.Show();
            Form1 form2 = new Form1(2);
            form2.Show();
            Form1 form3 = new Form1(3);
            form3.Show();
            Form1 form4 = new Form1(4);
            form4.Show();
        }

我这么修改后，6个窗体确实会继续测试，但是每个窗体上的数字跳动的很卡，而且有“串”在一起的感觉。

那么我接下来就把6个窗体整合到一个窗体上：

在代码中启动了6个子线程，每个子线程还是通过原来的方法，

syncContext.Post(DisplayResult, null);

与UI窗体沟通。
我这么做后，看到明显的6个测试数值串在一起，我看了代码后知道我还是通过全局变量来进行测试，那么测试数值当然串在一起了。

public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        bool enableTest = false;
        //private string myIp = "192.168.2.3";
        private string myIp;
        private byte myFrameCnt = 0;
        //private bool myReady = false;
        const int frameSize = 1280;
        float[,] frameData = new float [frameSize, 3];

        private int TotalFrameCount = 0;        //总连接次数
        private int FailedFrameCount = 0;       //失败连接次数
        private double Avg = 0;                 //偏差均值
        private double stdDeviation;            //数据偏差均方差
        private int DataExceptionCount = 0;     //数据异常次数
        TimeSpan totalSpan;
        TimeSpan currentSpan;

那么我就准备建立Test类来，把这些变量放到Test类内，作为属性，那么测试数据就不会串在一起了。

public Test test1;
public Test test2;
public Test test3;
public Test test4;
public Test test5;
public Test test6;

public class Test
    {
        public bool enableTest = false;
        public string myIp;
        private byte myFrameCnt = 0;
        const int frameSize = 1280;
        float[,] frameData = new float[frameSize, 3];

        private int TotalFrameCount = 0;        //总连接次数
        private int FailedFrameCount = 0;       //失败连接次数
        private double Avg = 0;                 //偏差均值
        private double stdDeviation;            //数据偏差均方差
        private int DataExceptionCount = 0;     //数据异常次数
        TimeSpan totalSpan;
        TimeSpan currentSpan;

        public Test()
        {

        }

线程的建立是这样的：

private void button_Start_Click_1(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            test1 = new Test();
            test2 = new Test();
            test3 = new Test();
            test4 = new Test();
            test5 = new Test();
            test6 = new Test();
            if (checkBox1.Checked)
            {
                
                test1.myIp = "192.168.2.1";
                test1.enableTest = true;
                Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(test1.testAtiny1));
                thread.Start();
            }
            if (checkBox2.Checked)
            {
                    
                    test2.myIp = "192.168.2.2";
                    test2.enableTest = true;
                    Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(test2.testAtiny1));
                    thread2.Start();
            }
            if (checkBox3.Checked)
            {
                
                test3.myIp = "192.168.2.3";
                test3.enableTest = true;
                Thread thread3 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(test3.testAtiny1));
                thread3.Start();
            }
            if (checkBox4.Checked) 
            {
                
                test4.myIp = "192.168.2.4";
                test4.enableTest = true;
                Thread thread4 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(test4.testAtiny1));
                thread4.Start();
            }
            if (checkBox5.Checked)
            {

                
                test5.myIp = "192.168.2.5";
                test5.enableTest = true;
                Thread thread5 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(test5.testAtiny1));
                thread5.Start();
            }
            if (checkBox6.Checked)
            {
                
                test6.myIp = "192.168.2.6";
                test6.enableTest = true;
                Thread thread6 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(test6.testAtiny1));
                thread6.Start();
            }
            
        }

然而我发现UI界面的控件却始终不能更新。
在经过网上资料的查询，采用了静态的Form2的声明，并且下面这条语句能够使控件更新。

public partial class Form2 : Form
    {
        public static Form2 form2;
        public Form2()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            form2 = this;
        }

        public void Form2_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {


        }       

private void LabelHourSetText(string s)
        {
            if (Form2.form2.labelHour.InvokeRequired)
            {
                Form2.form2.labelHour.Invoke(new Action(() => {
                    Form2.form2.labelHour.Text = (string)s;

                }));
            }
            else
            {
                Form2.form2.labelHour.Text = (string)s;
            }
        }

while循环经过了线程睡眠的处理：

while (enableTest)
            {
                CheckData(ref frameData);

                DateTime currentTime = DateTime.Now;

                totalSpan = currentTime.Subtract(startTime);
                totalSpan = currentTime.Subtract(startTime);

                currentSpan = currentTime.Subtract(lastTime);

                lastTime = currentTime;
                if (myIp == "192.168.2.1")
                   Display();
                if (myIp == "192.168.2.2")
                   Display2();
                if (myIp == "192.168.2.3")
                    Display3();
                if (myIp == "192.168.2.4")
                    Display4();
                if (myIp == "192.168.2.5")
                    Display5();
                if (myIp == "192.168.2.6")
                    Display6();
                Thread.Sleep(100);

            }

这样数据能不串的正常跳动，原来的要求也基本达到了。