初探synchronized
我们还是按部就班地进行wwh:
- 什么是synchronized(what)
- 为什么使用synchronized(why)
- 如何使用synchronized(how)
什么是synchronized
Java语言的关键字,可用来给对象和方法或者代码块加锁。
为什么使用synchronized
当使用synchronized关键字来修饰一个方法或者一个代码块的时候,能够保证在同一时刻最多只有一个线程执行该段代码。
如何使用synchronized
我们由一个问题引出,看看下面例子:为了让静态变量 i 随线程顺序输出
1.非synchronized方式,使用了Thread.join()方法,代码如下:
package com.feiniu.yp;
public class SyncDemo implements Runnable{
static int i = 1;
@Override
public void run() {
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-" + i++);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread t1 = new Thread(new SyncDemo(),"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new SyncDemo(),"t2");
t1.start();
t1.join();
t2.start();
t2.join();
}
}
控制台按顺序输出
t1-1
t1-2
t1-3
t1-4
t1-5
t2-6
t2-7
t2-8
t2-9
t2-10
2.在方法上使用synchronized方式,代码如下:
package com.feiniu.yp;
public class SyncDemo implements Runnable{
static int i = 1;
@Override
public synchronized void run() {
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-" + i++);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread t1 = new Thread(new SyncDemo(),"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new SyncDemo(),"t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
控制台不是顺序,多次执行随机输出
t1-1
t2-2
t1-3
t2-4
t1-5
t2-6
t1-7
t2-8
t1-9
t2-10
从控制台输出结果来看synchronized关键字并没有启到作用,我们可以看到在线程t1和线程t2分别进行new SyncDemo()创建对象,这时简单理解就是线程t1获取了一把属于t1的锁,线程t2获取了一把属于t2的锁,就比如一个仓库开了两扇门,t1进入A门,t2进入B门,毫无先后关系。
3.在方法上使用synchronized方式,调用方式使用同一个对象,代码如下:
package com.feiniu.yp;
public class SyncDemo implements Runnable{
static int i = 1;
@Override
public synchronized void run() {
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-" + i++);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
SyncDemo sync = new SyncDemo();
Thread t1 = new Thread(sync,"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(sync,"t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
控制台顺序输出
t1-1
t1-2
t1-3
t1-4
t1-5
t2-6
t2-7
t2-8
t2-9
t2-10
控制台输出结果是顺序的,看来synchronized关键生效了(其实案例2是生效的),与案例2唯一的区别在于线程t1和线程t2使用了同一个对象sync,相当于t1获取了对象sync(锁),t2属于等待状态,等t1执行完,t2再获取对象sync(锁),继续执行t2。所以输出结果有序。
4.在代码块上使用synchronized方式,代码如下:
package com.feiniu.yp;
public class SyncDemo implements Runnable{
static int i = 1;
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (SyncDemo.class) {
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-" + i++);
try {
Thread.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread t1 = new Thread(new SyncDemo(),"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new SyncDemo(),"t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
package com.feiniu.yp;
public class SyncDemo implements Runnable{
static int i = 1;
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (SyncDemo.class) {
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-" + i++);
try {
Thread.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
SyncDemo sync = new SyncDemo();
Thread t1 = new Thread(sync,"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(sync,"t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
控制台顺序输出:
t1-1
t1-2
t1-3
t1-4
t1-5
t2-6
t2-7
t2-8
t2-9
t2-10
代码块里使用synchronized入参为SyncDemo.class,java文件最终会生成class文件,SyncDemo.class相当于原件,new SyncDemo() 相当于副本。
无论是new对象方式调用
Thread t1 = new Thread(new SyncDemo(),"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new SyncDemo(),"t2");
还是同一个对象方式调用
SyncDemo sync = new SyncDemo();
Thread t1 = new Thread(sync,"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(sync,"t2");
new对象方式调用和对象方式调用,调用到synchronized (SyncDemo.class) ,主要是代码块这里上锁了,跟调用方式无关。