用matplotlib.pyplot绘制甜甜圈图

# 用matplotlib绘制甜甜圈饼图
# The effect of the donut shape is achieved by setting a width to the pie's wedges through the wedgeprops argument.
%matplotlib inline  # matplotlib的图表直接嵌入到Notebook之中, 仅在jupyter notebook 或 jupyter qtconsole有用
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# Create a figure and a set of subplots
# Returns
# fig : :class:`matplotlib.figure.Figure` object
# ax : Axes object or array of Axes objects.
#    
#        ax can be either a single :class:`matplotlib.axes.Axes` object or an
#        array of Axes objects if more than one subplot was created.
fig, ax = plt.subplots()  # 1*1画布

size = 0.3
vals = np.array([[60., 32.], [37., 40.], [29., 10.]])  # 3*2 array

cmap = plt.get_cmap("tab20c")  # Get a colormap instance, matplotlib.cm
outer_colors = cmap(np.arange(3)*4)  # cmap([0,4,8]), len(cmap.colors) -> 20
inner_colors = cmap(np